A sequence of positive numbers satisfies the recurrence relation
- (i)
Given that the sequence converges to , find the value of .
- (ii)
Prove that .
- (iii)
Use the result in part (ii) to show that if , then .
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Worked solution
3(i)
1. Set up the limit equation by substituting $l$ into the recurrence relation.
As , both and .
2. Solve the resulting quadratic equation and reject the invalid root.
Squaring both sides:
Since the sequence consists of positive numbers ( for all ), the limit must be . Also, the principal square root is non-negative. Therefore, is rejected.
3(ii)
1. Express $(x_{n+1})^2$ and $l^2$ in terms of $x_n$ and $l$ respectively.
From the recurrence relation , squaring both sides gives:
Since the sequence converges to , the limit satisfies the same relation:
2. Evaluate the difference $(x_{n+1})^2 - l^2$ to prove the identity.
Subtracting the expression for from the expression for :
(Shown)
3(iii)
1. Establish the sign of the expression $3(l - x_n)$ given the inequality $x_n < l$.
Given , we can rearrange the inequality to obtain:
Multiplying by 3 gives:
2. Use the result from part (ii) to determine the relationship between $x_{n+1}$ and $l$.
From the result in part (ii), we are given:
Since , it follows that:
We are given that the sequence consists of positive numbers, so . From part (i), the limit is . Since both and are strictly positive, taking the square root of both sides preserves the inequality:
(Shown)
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