The position vector of point X is (8−4)\begin{pmatrix}8\\-4\end{pmatrix}. The position vector of point Y is (64)\begin{pmatrix}6\\4\end{pmatrix}.

  1. (i)

    Find the vector that represents the translation from X to Y.

    Answer ( )

  2. (ii)

    Find the magnitude of XY→\overrightarrow{XY}.

    Answer ... units

  3. (iii)

    Z has coordinates (−1,k)(-1, k) and lies on the line XY produced.

    Find the position vector of point Z.

    Answer ( )

  4. (7)
    1. (b)

      In the diagram, AB→=4a\overrightarrow{AB}=4\mathbf{a}, AD→=8b\overrightarrow{AD}=8\mathbf{b} and EF→=2(a−b)\overrightarrow{EF}=2(\mathbf{a}-\mathbf{b}).

      E is the point on BD such that BE : BD = 3 : 4. F is the midpoint of BC.

      1. (i)

        Express BE→\overrightarrow{BE} in terms of a\mathbf{a} and b\mathbf{b}, as simply as possible.

        Answer ...

      2. (ii)

        Express BC→\overrightarrow{BC} in terms of a\mathbf{a} and b\mathbf{b}, as simply as possible.

        Answer ...

      3. (iii)

        What type of quadrilateral is ABCD? Justify your answer using vectors.

        ABCD is a ... because ...

        ...

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Worked solution

(a)(i)

1. 计算从点X到点Y的平移向量

根据位置向量的概念,XY→=OY→−OX→\overrightarrow{XY} = \overrightarrow{OY} - \overrightarrow{OX}:
XY→=(64)−(8−4)=(6−84−(−4))=(−28)\overrightarrow{XY} = \begin{pmatrix}6\\4\end{pmatrix} - \begin{pmatrix}8\\-4\end{pmatrix} = \begin{pmatrix}6-8\\4-(-4)\end{pmatrix} = \begin{pmatrix}-2\\8\end{pmatrix}

Answer

(−28)\begin{pmatrix}-2\\8\end{pmatrix}

(a)(ii)

1. 计算向量 $\overrightarrow{XY}$ 的模长

已知 XY→=(−28)\overrightarrow{XY} = \begin{pmatrix}-2\\8\end{pmatrix},代入模长公式:
∣XY→∣=(−2)2+82=4+64=68≈8.25 单位|\overrightarrow{XY}| = \sqrt{(-2)^2 + 8^2} = \sqrt{4 + 64} = \sqrt{68} \approx 8.25\text{ 单位}

Answer

8.25(或 68\sqrt{68})

(a)(iii)

1. 表示向量 $\overrightarrow{XZ}$ 并利用共线关系列方程

点 Z 的位置向量为 OZ→=(−1k)\overrightarrow{OZ} = \begin{pmatrix}-1\\k\end{pmatrix}。
向量 XZ→=OZ→−OX→=(−1k)−(8−4)=(−9k+4)\overrightarrow{XZ} = \overrightarrow{OZ} - \overrightarrow{OX} = \begin{pmatrix}-1\\k\end{pmatrix} - \begin{pmatrix}8\\-4\end{pmatrix} = \begin{pmatrix}-9\\k+4\end{pmatrix}。
因为点 Z 在直线 XY 的延长线上,所以 XZ→\overrightarrow{XZ} 与 XY→=(−28)\overrightarrow{XY} = \begin{pmatrix}-2\\8\end{pmatrix} 共线,存在常数 cc 使得:
(−9k+4)=c(−28)\begin{pmatrix}-9\\k+4\end{pmatrix} = c \begin{pmatrix}-2\\8\end{pmatrix}

2. 求解参数 $k$ 并写出点 Z 的位置向量

由 xx 分量比较:−9=−2c  ⟹  c=4.5-9 = -2c \implies c = 4.5。
由 yy 分量比较:k+4=8c=8×4.5=36  ⟹  k=32k + 4 = 8c = 8 \times 4.5 = 36 \implies k = 32。
因此,点 Z 的位置向量为 (−132)\begin{pmatrix}-1\\32\end{pmatrix}。

Answer

(−132)\begin{pmatrix}-1\\32\end{pmatrix}

(b)(i)

1. 用 $\mathbf{a}$ 和 $\mathbf{b}$ 表示向量 $\overrightarrow{BD}$

由向量加法三角形法则,BD→=BA→+AD→=−4a+8b\overrightarrow{BD} = \overrightarrow{BA} + \overrightarrow{AD} = -4\mathbf{a} + 8\mathbf{b}。

2. 按比例关系计算 $\overrightarrow{BE}$

已知 BE:BD=3:4BE : BD = 3 : 4,故 BE→=34BD→\overrightarrow{BE} = \dfrac{3}{4}\overrightarrow{BD}:
BE→=34(−4a+8b)=−3a+6b\overrightarrow{BE} = \dfrac{3}{4}(-4\mathbf{a} + 8\mathbf{b}) = -3\mathbf{a} + 6\mathbf{b}

Answer

−3a+6b-3\mathbf{a} + 6\mathbf{b}

(b)(ii)

1. 利用首尾相接求出 $\overrightarrow{BF}$

由三角形法则,BF→=BE→+EF→\overrightarrow{BF} = \overrightarrow{BE} + \overrightarrow{EF}。
已知 BE→=−3a+6b\overrightarrow{BE} = -3\mathbf{a} + 6\mathbf{b},且 EF→=2(a−b)=2a−2b\overrightarrow{EF} = 2(\mathbf{a} - \mathbf{b}) = 2\mathbf{a} - 2\mathbf{b}:
BF→=(−3a+6b)+(2a−2b)=−a+4b\overrightarrow{BF} = (-3\mathbf{a} + 6\mathbf{b}) + (2\mathbf{a} - 2\mathbf{b}) = -\mathbf{a} + 4\mathbf{b}

2. 利用中点性质计算 $\overrightarrow{BC}$

因为 F 是 BC 的中点,所以 BC→=2BF→\overrightarrow{BC} = 2\overrightarrow{BF}:
BC→=2(−a+4b)=−2a+8b\overrightarrow{BC} = 2(-\mathbf{a} + 4\mathbf{b}) = -2\mathbf{a} + 8\mathbf{b}

Answer

−2a+8b-2\mathbf{a} + 8\mathbf{b}

(b)(iii)

1. 用向量表示边 DC

计算向量 DC→\overrightarrow{DC}:
DC→=DA→+AB→+BC→=−8b+4a+(−2a+8b)=2a\overrightarrow{DC} = \overrightarrow{DA} + \overrightarrow{AB} + \overrightarrow{BC} = -8\mathbf{b} + 4\mathbf{a} + (-2\mathbf{a} + 8\mathbf{b}) = 2\mathbf{a}

2. 比较 $\overrightarrow{AB}$ 与 $\overrightarrow{DC}$ 并判定四边形类型

对比 AB→=4a\overrightarrow{AB} = 4\mathbf{a} 和 DC→=2a\overrightarrow{DC} = 2\mathbf{a},可知:
AB→=2DC→\overrightarrow{AB} = 2\overrightarrow{DC}
这表明边 AB 与 DC 平行(方向相同),且 ABAB 的长度是 DCDC 长度的 2 倍(长短不一)。只有一组对边平行的四边形是梯形(trapezium)。

Answer

ABCD 是一个梯形,因为 AB→=2DC→\overrightarrow{AB} = 2\overrightarrow{DC}(或 DC→=2a\overrightarrow{DC} = 2\mathbf{a} 且 AB→=4a\overrightarrow{AB} = 4\mathbf{a}),说明边 AB 与 DC 平行且平行边的长度不相等(AB=2DCAB = 2DC)。

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