By using a suitable substitution, or otherwise, solve the equation Sketch the graph of on the given axes. Label any axial intercepts. It is given that the equation of a curve is Explain why the curve has no stationary point. Find the x-intercept of the curve
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Worked solution
6(a)
1. Simplify the terms on the right hand side of the equation.
The equation becomes:
2. Apply the change of base formula to express all logarithms in the same base.
So,
3. Use a substitution to form a quadratic equation.
Let .
4. Solve the quadratic equation and find the corresponding values of $x$.
or
When :
When :
or
6(b)
1. Identify the general shape and asymptote of the logarithmic graph
The graph of is a standard logarithmic curve. It has a vertical asymptote at (the -axis) and is strictly increasing for .
2. Determine the axial intercept
Set to find the -intercept:
.
The -intercept is . There is no -intercept since .
A smooth curve passing through , increasing and concave downwards, with the -axis as a vertical asymptote.
6(c)(i)
1. Find the first derivative of the curve with respect to $x$.
2. State the condition for a stationary point and analyze the terms of the derivative.
For a stationary point, .
For all real values of , and .
3. Conclude that the derivative cannot be zero.
Therefore, for all real .
Since can never be equal to , the curve has no stationary point.
Since for all real , , hence there are no stationary points.
6(c)(ii)
1. Set $y = 0$ to find the x-intercept and simplify the equation
Dividing by (since ):
2. Solve the resulting quadratic equation in $e^x$
Let . The equation becomes:
3. Solve for $x$ and reject any invalid solutions
Since for all real , has no real solution.
For :
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