By using a suitable substitution, or otherwise, solve the equation 3log⁡6x=log⁡x3+log⁡x2+log⁡525.3\log_6 x = \log_x 3 + \log_x 2 + \log_5 25. Sketch the graph of y=log⁡6xy = \log_6 x on the given axes. Label any axial intercepts. It is given that the equation of a curve is y=e2x+1+2ex+1−3e.y = e^{2x+1} + 2e^{x+1} - 3e. Explain why the curve has no stationary point. Find the x-intercept of the curve y=e2x+1+2ex+1−3e.y = e^{2x+1} + 2e^{x+1} - 3e.

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Worked solution

6(a)

1. Simplify the terms on the right hand side of the equation.

log⁡x3+log⁡x2=log⁡x(3×2)=log⁡x6\log_x 3 + \log_x 2 = \log_x (3 \times 2) = \log_x 6
log⁡525=log⁡5(52)=2\log_5 25 = \log_5 (5^2) = 2
The equation becomes: 3log⁡6x=log⁡x6+23\log_6 x = \log_x 6 + 2

2. Apply the change of base formula to express all logarithms in the same base.

log⁡x6=1log⁡6x\log_x 6 = \frac{1}{\log_6 x}
So, 3log⁡6x=1log⁡6x+23\log_6 x = \frac{1}{\log_6 x} + 2

3. Use a substitution to form a quadratic equation.

Let u=log⁡6xu = \log_6 x.
3u=1u+23u = \frac{1}{u} + 2
3u2−2u−1=03u^2 - 2u - 1 = 0

4. Solve the quadratic equation and find the corresponding values of $x$.

(3u+1)(u−1)=0(3u + 1)(u - 1) = 0
u=−13u = -\frac{1}{3} or u=1u = 1

When u=1u = 1:
log⁡6x=1  ⟹  x=61=6\log_6 x = 1 \implies x = 6^1 = 6

When u=−13u = -\frac{1}{3}:
log⁡6x=−13  ⟹  x=6−13\log_6 x = -\frac{1}{3} \implies x = 6^{-\frac{1}{3}}

Answer

x=6x = 6 or x=6−13x = 6^{-\frac{1}{3}}

6(b)

1. Identify the general shape and asymptote of the logarithmic graph

The graph of y=log⁡6xy = \log_6 x is a standard logarithmic curve. It has a vertical asymptote at x=0x = 0 (the yy-axis) and is strictly increasing for x>0x > 0.

2. Determine the axial intercept

Set y=0y = 0 to find the xx-intercept:
log⁡6x=0  ⟹  x=60=1\log_6 x = 0 \implies x = 6^0 = 1.
The xx-intercept is (1,0)(1, 0). There is no yy-intercept since x>0x > 0.

Answer

A smooth curve passing through (1,0)(1, 0), increasing and concave downwards, with the yy-axis as a vertical asymptote.

6(c)(i)

1. Find the first derivative of the curve with respect to $x$.

dydx=2e2x+1+2ex+1\frac{dy}{dx} = 2e^{2x+1} + 2e^{x+1}

2. State the condition for a stationary point and analyze the terms of the derivative.

For a stationary point, dydx=0\frac{dy}{dx} = 0.
For all real values of xx, e2x+1>0e^{2x+1} > 0 and ex+1>0e^{x+1} > 0.

3. Conclude that the derivative cannot be zero.

Therefore, dydx=2e2x+1+2ex+1>0\frac{dy}{dx} = 2e^{2x+1} + 2e^{x+1} > 0 for all real xx.
Since dydx\frac{dy}{dx} can never be equal to 00, the curve has no stationary point.

Answer

Since dydx>0\frac{dy}{dx} > 0 for all real xx, dydx≠0\frac{dy}{dx} \neq 0, hence there are no stationary points.

6(c)(ii)

1. Set $y = 0$ to find the x-intercept and simplify the equation

e2x+1+2ex+1−3e=0e^{2x+1} + 2e^{x+1} - 3e = 0
e(e2x)+2e(ex)−3e=0e(e^{2x}) + 2e(e^x) - 3e = 0
Dividing by ee (since e≠0e \neq 0):
e2x+2ex−3=0e^{2x} + 2e^x - 3 = 0

2. Solve the resulting quadratic equation in $e^x$

Let u=exu = e^x. The equation becomes:
u2+2u−3=0u^2 + 2u - 3 = 0
(u+3)(u−1)=0(u + 3)(u - 1) = 0
u=−3oru=1u = -3 \quad \text{or} \quad u = 1
ex=−3orex=1e^x = -3 \quad \text{or} \quad e^x = 1

3. Solve for $x$ and reject any invalid solutions

Since ex>0e^x > 0 for all real xx, ex=−3e^x = -3 has no real solution.
For ex=1e^x = 1:
x=ln⁡1x = \ln 1
x=0x = 0

Answer

x=0x = 0

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