Do not use a calculator in this question. Given that tan⁡θ=35\tan\theta=\frac{3}{5} and that θ\theta is non-acute, find the exact value of

  1. (i)

    cot θ+\theta + sec2θ^2 \theta.

  2. (ii)

    sin θ\theta,

  3. (iii)

    cos(180∘−θ)(180^\circ - \theta),

  4. (iv)

    cosec⁡(−θ)sec⁡(θ)\dfrac{\cosec(-\theta)}{\sec(\theta)}.

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Worked solution

6(i)

1. Find the value of $\cot\theta$

cot⁡θ=1tan⁡θ=135=53\cot\theta = \frac{1}{\tan\theta} = \frac{1}{\frac{3}{5}} = \frac{5}{3}

2. Find the value of $\sec^2\theta$ using the Pythagorean identity

sec⁡2θ=1+tan⁡2θ=1+(35)2=1+925=3425\sec^2\theta = 1 + \tan^2\theta = 1 + \left(\frac{3}{5}\right)^2 = 1 + \frac{9}{25} = \frac{34}{25}

3. Evaluate the given expression

cot⁡θ+sec⁡2θ=53+3425=12575+10275=22775\cot\theta + \sec^2\theta = \frac{5}{3} + \frac{34}{25} = \frac{125}{75} + \frac{102}{75} = \frac{227}{75}

Answer

22775\frac{227}{75}

6(ii)

1. Determine the quadrant in which $\theta$ lies

Since tan⁡θ=35>0\tan\theta = \frac{3}{5} > 0 and θ\theta is non-acute, θ\theta must lie in the 3rd quadrant.

2. Calculate the hypotenuse of the reference triangle

Let the opposite side be 33 and the adjacent side be 55.
Hypotenuse =32+52=9+25=34= \sqrt{3^2 + 5^2} = \sqrt{9 + 25} = \sqrt{34}

3. Evaluate $\sin\theta$ with the correct sign

In the 3rd quadrant, sine is negative.
sin⁡θ=−oppositehypotenuse=−334\sin\theta = -\frac{\text{opposite}}{\text{hypotenuse}} = -\frac{3}{\sqrt{34}}

Answer

−334-\frac{3}{\sqrt{34}}

6(iii)

1. Determine the quadrant of $\theta$ and find $\cos\theta$

Since tan⁡θ=35>0\tan\theta = \frac{3}{5} > 0 and θ\theta is non-acute, θ\theta must lie in the third quadrant.
The hypotenuse is 32+52=34\sqrt{3^2 + 5^2} = \sqrt{34}.
In the third quadrant, cosine is negative, so cos⁡θ=−534\cos\theta = -\frac{5}{\sqrt{34}}.

2. Evaluate $\cos(180^\circ - \theta)$ using the appropriate identity

Using the identity cos⁡(180∘−θ)=−cos⁡θ\cos(180^\circ - \theta) = -\cos\theta:
cos⁡(180∘−θ)=−(−534)=534\cos(180^\circ - \theta) = -\left(-\frac{5}{\sqrt{34}}\right) = \frac{5}{\sqrt{34}}

Answer

534\frac{5}{\sqrt{34}}

6(iv)

1. Simplify the given expression using negative angle and reciprocal identities

cosec⁡(−θ)sec⁡(θ)=−cosec⁡(θ)sec⁡(θ)\dfrac{\operatorname{cosec}(-\theta)}{\sec(\theta)} = \dfrac{-\operatorname{cosec}(\theta)}{\sec(\theta)}

=−1sin⁡θ1cos⁡θ= \dfrac{-\frac{1}{\sin\theta}}{\frac{1}{\cos\theta}}

=−cos⁡θsin⁡θ= -\dfrac{\cos\theta}{\sin\theta}

=−cot⁡θ= -\cot\theta

2. Evaluate the simplified expression using the given value of $\tan\theta$

Since tan⁡θ=35\tan\theta = \frac{3}{5}, we have cot⁡θ=1tan⁡θ=53\cot\theta = \frac{1}{\tan\theta} = \frac{5}{3}.

Therefore, −cot⁡θ=−53-\cot\theta = -\frac{5}{3}.

Answer

−53-\frac{5}{3}

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