The diagram shows the curve y=cos⁡x+sin⁡xy = \cos x + \sin x for 0≤x≤π0 \le x \le \pi. The curve meets the yy-axis at the point AA and the xx-axis at the point BB.

  1. (i)

    Show that the xx-coordinate of BB is 3π4\frac{3\pi}{4}.

  2. (ii)

    Find the area of the shaded region, correct to 3 significant figures.

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Worked solution

6(i)

1. Set $y = 0$ to find the $x$-intercept at point $B$.

At point BB, the curve meets the xx-axis, so y=0y = 0.
cos⁡x+sin⁡x=0\cos x + \sin x = 0

2. Rearrange the equation to solve for $x$.

sin⁡x=−cos⁡x\sin x = -\cos x
Dividing both sides by cos⁡x\cos x (since cos⁡x≠0\cos x \neq 0 when sin⁡x=−cos⁡x\sin x = -\cos x):
tan⁡x=−1\tan x = -1

3. Solve for $x$ in the given domain $0 \le x \le \pi$.

The basic angle is α=tan⁡−1(1)=π4\alpha = \tan^{-1}(1) = \frac{\pi}{4}.
Since tan⁡x\tan x is negative and 0≤x≤π0 \le x \le \pi, xx must be in the second quadrant.
x=π−π4=3π4x = \pi - \frac{\pi}{4} = \frac{3\pi}{4}
Thus, the xx-coordinate of BB is 3π4\frac{3\pi}{4}.

Answer

Shown that x=3π4x = \frac{3\pi}{4}.

6(ii)

1. Find the coordinates of point $A$.

At point AA, the curve crosses the yy-axis, so x=0x = 0.
y=cos⁡(0)+sin⁡(0)=1+0=1y = \cos(0) + \sin(0) = 1 + 0 = 1
So, AA is (0,1)(0, 1).

2. Find the area under the curve from $x = 0$ to $x = \frac{3\pi}{4}$.

Area under curve =∫03π4(cos⁡x+sin⁡x) dx= \int_{0}^{\frac{3\pi}{4}} (\cos x + \sin x) \, dx
=[sin⁡x−cos⁡x]03π4= [\sin x - \cos x]_{0}^{\frac{3\pi}{4}}

3. Evaluate the definite integral.

=(sin⁡(3π4)−cos⁡(3π4))−(sin⁡(0)−cos⁡(0))= \left(\sin\left(\frac{3\pi}{4}\right) - \cos\left(\frac{3\pi}{4}\right)\right) - (\sin(0) - \cos(0))
=(22−(−22))−(0−1)= \left(\frac{\sqrt{2}}{2} - \left(-\frac{\sqrt{2}}{2}\right)\right) - (0 - 1)
=2+1= \sqrt{2} + 1

4. Find the area of the triangle $OAB$.

The triangle OABOAB is a right-angled triangle with base OB=3π4OB = \frac{3\pi}{4} and height OA=1OA = 1.
Area of triangle =12×3π4×1=3π8= \frac{1}{2} \times \frac{3\pi}{4} \times 1 = \frac{3\pi}{8}

5. Calculate the area of the shaded region.

Shaded area == Area under curve −- Area of triangle
=(2+1)−3π8= (\sqrt{2} + 1) - \frac{3\pi}{8}
≈2.4142−1.1781=1.2361\approx 2.4142 - 1.1781 = 1.2361
≈1.24\approx 1.24 (to 3 s.f.)

Answer

1.241.24

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