In an art lesson, wires are cut and bent to create a series of shapes.

  1. (a)

    Student A cuts a piece of wire of length 100 cm to create a series of squares. The perimeter of the smallest square is 5 cm and the perimeter of each succeeding square is increased by 3 cm. Find the maximum number of squares Student A can form.

  2. (b)

    Student B cuts another piece of wire to create a series of 12 circles, such that the radius of the first circle is xx cm. The circumference of each succeeding circle is 23\frac{2}{3} that of the preceding circle. Given that the total length of wire used by Student B is exactly 100 cm, find the value of xx.

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Worked solution

3(a)

1. Identify the arithmetic progression and state the sum formula.

Let nn be the number of squares.
The perimeters of the squares form an arithmetic progression with first term a=5a = 5 and common difference d=3d = 3.
The total length of wire used for nn squares is Sn=n2[2a+(n−1)d]S_n = \frac{n}{2}[2a + (n-1)d].

2. Formulate the inequality for the maximum number of squares.

Since the total wire length available is 100 cm, Sn≤100S_n \le 100.
n2[2(5)+(n−1)(3)]≤100\frac{n}{2}[2(5) + (n-1)(3)] \le 100
n2(10+3n−3)≤100\frac{n}{2}(10 + 3n - 3) \le 100
n(3n+7)≤200n(3n + 7) \le 200
3n2+7n−200≤03n^2 + 7n - 200 \le 0

3. Solve the quadratic inequality to find the maximum integer $n$.

Solving the equation 3n2+7n−200=03n^2 + 7n - 200 = 0 using the quadratic formula:
n=−7±72−4(3)(−200)2(3)n = \frac{-7 \pm \sqrt{7^2 - 4(3)(-200)}}{2(3)}
n=−7±24496n = \frac{-7 \pm \sqrt{2449}}{6}
n≈7.081 or n≈−9.414n \approx 7.081 \text{ or } n \approx -9.414
For 3n2+7n−200≤03n^2 + 7n - 200 \le 0, we have −9.414≤n≤7.081-9.414 \le n \le 7.081.
Since nn must be a positive integer, the maximum value of nn is 77.

Answer

77

3(b)

1. Identify the circumferences as a geometric progression and find the first term and common ratio.

The circumferences form a geometric progression.
First term, a=2πxa = 2\pi x
Common ratio, r=23r = \frac{2}{3}

2. Set up the equation for the total length of the wire using the sum of the first 12 terms.

S12=a(1−r12)1−rS_{12} = \frac{a(1 - r^{12})}{1 - r}
2πx(1−(23)12)1−23=100\frac{2\pi x \left( 1 - \left( \frac{2}{3} \right)^{12} \right)}{1 - \frac{2}{3}} = 100

3. Simplify the equation to isolate $x$.

2πx(1−(23)12)13=100\frac{2\pi x \left( 1 - \left( \frac{2}{3} \right)^{12} \right)}{\frac{1}{3}} = 100
6πx(1−(23)12)=1006\pi x \left( 1 - \left( \frac{2}{3} \right)^{12} \right) = 100

4. Solve for $x$ and give the answer to 3 significant figures.

x=1006π(1−(23)12)x = \frac{100}{6\pi \left( 1 - \left( \frac{2}{3} \right)^{12} \right)}
x=5.3463...≈5.35x = 5.3463... \approx 5.35

Answer

5.35

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