The diagram shows the graphs of y=2x−1y = 2x - 1 and y=kx2y = kx^2, where kk is a positive constant. The graphs intersects at two distinct points AA and BB.

  1. (i)

    Show that k<1k < 1.

  2. (ii)

    Describe the relationship between the graphs y=2x−1y = 2x - 1 and y=kx2y = kx^2 for k=1k = 1.

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Worked solution

1(i)

1. Form a quadratic equation by equating the two given equations

kx2=2x−1kx^2 = 2x - 1
kx2−2x+1=0kx^2 - 2x + 1 = 0

2. Apply the discriminant condition for two distinct real roots

Since the graphs intersect at two distinct points, the quadratic equation has two distinct real roots. Therefore, the discriminant b2−4ac>0b^2 - 4ac > 0.
(−2)2−4(k)(1)>0(-2)^2 - 4(k)(1) > 0
4−4k>04 - 4k > 0

3. Solve the inequality to show the required result

4>4k4 > 4k
1>k1 > k
k<1k < 1 (shown)

Answer

Shown that k<1k < 1.

1(ii)

1. Substitute $k = 1$ and equate the two equations to find the points of intersection

When k=1k = 1, the curve is y=x2y = x^2.
Equating the two equations:
x2=2x−1x^2 = 2x - 1
x2−2x+1=0x^2 - 2x + 1 = 0

2. Solve the quadratic equation or evaluate its discriminant to determine the relationship

Factorising the quadratic equation:
(x−1)2=0(x - 1)^2 = 0
Since there is only one repeated root (x=1x = 1), the line intersects the curve at exactly one point.
Therefore, the line y=2x−1y = 2x - 1 is a tangent to the curve y=x2y = x^2.

Answer

The line y=2x−1y = 2x - 1 is a tangent to the curve y=x2y = x^2.

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