Solutions to this question by accurate drawing will not be accepted. The diagram, which is not drawn to scale, shows a quadrilateral ABCDABCD with vertices A(−4,−6)A(-4, -6), B(−7,h)B(-7, h) and C(2,6)C(2, 6) and DD, which lies on the xx-axis. ADAD is parallel to BCBC.
The point EE lies on ACAC such that AE:AC=1:3AE : AC = 1 : 3. The line BEBE produced meets the line ADAD at FF.

  1. (i)

    Given that AB=BCAB = BC, show that h=3h = 3.

  2. (ii)

    Show that ∠ABC=90∘\angle ABC = 90^\circ.

  3. (iii)

    Find the coordinates of DD.

  4. (iv)

    Find the coordinates of EE.

  5. (v)

    Find the coordinates of GG such that ABCGABCG is a square.

  6. (vi)

    Find the area of triangle ABCABC.

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Worked solution

10(i)

1. Express the squares of the lengths $AB$ and $BC$ in terms of $h$.

AB2=(−7−(−4))2+(h−(−6))2=(−3)2+(h+6)2=9+(h+6)2AB^2 = (-7 - (-4))^2 + (h - (-6))^2 = (-3)^2 + (h + 6)^2 = 9 + (h + 6)^2
BC2=(2−(−7))2+(6−h)2=92+(6−h)2=81+(6−h)2BC^2 = (2 - (-7))^2 + (6 - h)^2 = 9^2 + (6 - h)^2 = 81 + (6 - h)^2

2. Equate $AB^2$ and $BC^2$ to solve for $h$.

Since AB=BCAB = BC, we have AB2=BC2AB^2 = BC^2:
9+(h+6)2=81+(6−h)29 + (h + 6)^2 = 81 + (6 - h)^2
9+h2+12h+36=81+36−12h+h29 + h^2 + 12h + 36 = 81 + 36 - 12h + h^2
12h+45=−12h+11712h + 45 = -12h + 117
24h=7224h = 72
h=3h = 3 (shown)

Answer

Shown that h=3h = 3.

10(ii)

1. Calculate the gradient of the line segment $AB$

Using A(−4,−6)A(-4, -6) and B(−7,3)B(-7, 3):
mAB=3−(−6)−7−(−4)=9−3=−3m_{AB} = \frac{3 - (-6)}{-7 - (-4)} = \frac{9}{-3} = -3

2. Calculate the gradient of the line segment $BC$

Using B(−7,3)B(-7, 3) and C(2,6)C(2, 6):
mBC=6−32−(−7)=39=13m_{BC} = \frac{6 - 3}{2 - (-7)} = \frac{3}{9} = \frac{1}{3}

3. Show that the product of the gradients is $-1$

mAB×mBC=−3×13=−1m_{AB} \times m_{BC} = -3 \times \frac{1}{3} = -1
Since the product of their gradients is −1-1, ABAB is perpendicular to BCBC. Therefore, ∠ABC=90∘\angle ABC = 90^\circ.

Answer

Shown

10(iii)

1. Calculate the gradient of the line segment $BC$

Gradient of BC=6−32−(−7)=39=13BC = \frac{6 - 3}{2 - (-7)} = \frac{3}{9} = \frac{1}{3}

2. Use the parallel condition to find the coordinates of $D$

Since DD lies on the xx-axis, let DD be (x,0)(x, 0).
Since ADAD is parallel to BCBC, their gradients are equal.
Gradient of AD=0−(−6)x−(−4)=6x+4AD = \frac{0 - (-6)}{x - (-4)} = \frac{6}{x + 4}
6x+4=13\frac{6}{x + 4} = \frac{1}{3}
x+4=18x + 4 = 18
x=14x = 14
Coordinates of DD are (14,0)(14, 0).

Answer

(14,0)(14, 0)

10(iv)

1. Find the $x$-coordinate of $E$ using the given ratio

Since AE:AC=1:3AE : AC = 1 : 3, the horizontal distance from AA to EE is 13\frac{1}{3} of the horizontal distance from AA to CC.
xE=−4+13(2−(−4))x_E = -4 + \frac{1}{3}(2 - (-4))
xE=−4+13(6)=−2x_E = -4 + \frac{1}{3}(6) = -2

2. Find the $y$-coordinate of $E$ using the given ratio

Similarly, the vertical distance from AA to EE is 13\frac{1}{3} of the vertical distance from AA to CC.
yE=−6+13(6−(−6))y_E = -6 + \frac{1}{3}(6 - (-6))
yE=−6+13(12)=−2y_E = -6 + \frac{1}{3}(12) = -2
The coordinates of EE are (−2,−2)(-2, -2).

Answer

(−2,−2)(-2, -2)

10(v)

1. Find the midpoint of the diagonal $AC$

The diagonals of a square bisect each other, so the midpoint of ACAC is the same as the midpoint of BGBG.
Midpoint of AC=(−4+22,−6+62)=(−1,0)AC = \left( \frac{-4 + 2}{2}, \frac{-6 + 6}{2} \right) = (-1, 0)

2. Use the midpoint to find the coordinates of $G$

Let the coordinates of GG be (x,y)(x, y).
Midpoint of BG=(−7+x2,3+y2)BG = \left( \frac{-7 + x}{2}, \frac{3 + y}{2} \right)
Equating the midpoints:
−7+x2=−1  ⟹  −7+x=−2  ⟹  x=5\frac{-7 + x}{2} = -1 \implies -7 + x = -2 \implies x = 5
3+y2=0  ⟹  3+y=0  ⟹  y=−3\frac{3 + y}{2} = 0 \implies 3 + y = 0 \implies y = -3
The coordinates of GG are (5,−3)(5, -3).

Answer

(5,−3)(5, -3)

10(vi)

1. Calculate the square of the length of $AB$

From earlier parts, A(−4,−6)A(-4, -6) and B(−7,3)B(-7, 3).
AB2=(−7−(−4))2+(3−(−6))2AB^2 = (-7 - (-4))^2 + (3 - (-6))^2
AB2=(−3)2+92=9+81=90AB^2 = (-3)^2 + 9^2 = 9 + 81 = 90

2. Calculate the area of triangle $ABC$ using the fact that it is a right-angled isosceles triangle

Since ∠ABC=90∘\angle ABC = 90^\circ and AB=BCAB = BC, triangle ABCABC is a right-angled triangle.
Area =12×AB×BC=12AB2= \frac{1}{2} \times AB \times BC = \frac{1}{2} AB^2
Area =12×90=45= \frac{1}{2} \times 90 = 45

Answer

4545 units2^2

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