In the diagram, P, Q, R and S are points on a circle. PR and QS meet at T.

  1. (a)

    Show that triangle PTS and triangle QTR are similar, giving a reason for each statement you make.

    Answer

  2. (b)

    Show that QT × ST = PT × RT.

    Answer

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Worked solution

19(a)

1. Identify one pair of equal angles at the intersection of the chords.

Since PRPR and QSQS intersect at TT,

∠PTS=∠QTR\angle PTS = \angle QTR

because they are vertically opposite angles.

2. Identify a second pair of equal angles using the circle theorem.

Since TT lies on QSQS, ∠PST=∠PSQ\angle PST = \angle PSQ.

Since TT lies on PRPR, ∠QRT=∠QRP\angle QRT = \angle QRP.

Both ∠PSQ\angle PSQ and ∠QRP\angle QRP are angles subtended by the same chord PQPQ at the circumference.

Therefore,

∠PST=∠QRT\angle PST = \angle QRT

because angles in the same segment are equal.

3. Conclude the triangles are similar by AA similarity.

Since two pairs of corresponding angles are equal,

△PTS∼△QTR\triangle PTS \sim \triangle QTR

by AA similarity.

Answer

∠PTS=∠QTR(vertically opposite angles)\angle PTS = \angle QTR \quad \text{(vertically opposite angles)}

∠PST=∠QRT(angles in the same segment, subtended by chord PQ)\angle PST = \angle QRT \quad \text{(angles in the same segment, subtended by chord } PQ\text{)}

Hence, since two pairs of corresponding angles are equal,

△PTS∼△QTR(AA similarity).\triangle PTS \sim \triangle QTR \quad \text{(AA similarity).}

19(b)

1. Use the similarity from part (a) to form a ratio of corresponding sides.

From part (a), △PTS∼△QTR\triangle PTS \sim \triangle QTR.

Corresponding sides are proportional, so

PTQT=STRT.\frac{PT}{QT}=\frac{ST}{RT}.

2. Cross-multiply to obtain the required product equality.

Cross-multiplying,

PT×RT=QT×ST.PT \times RT = QT \times ST.

Therefore,

QT×ST=PT×RT.QT \times ST = PT \times RT.

Answer

Since △PTS∼△QTR\triangle PTS \sim \triangle QTR,

PTQT=STRT\frac{PT}{QT}=\frac{ST}{RT}

Hence,

QT×ST=PT×RT.QT \times ST = PT \times RT.

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