When the height of liquid in a container is hh m, the volume of liquid is V m3V\text{ m}^3 where V=0.06[(4h+1)3−7] and h≥0.25V = 0.06 \left[ (4h + 1)^3 - 7 \right] \text{ and } h \ge 0.25

  1. (i)

    Find an expression for dVdh\frac{\text{d}V}{\text{d}h}.

  2. (ii)

    The liquid leaks out of the container at a constant rate of 0.98 m3/s0.98\text{ m}^3/\text{s}.

    Find the value of dhdt\frac{\text{d}h}{\text{d}t} when V=1.2V = 1.2.

  3. (iii)

    Briefly explain the significance of your answer for (ii).

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Worked solution

11(i)

1. Differentiate the expression for $V$ with respect to $h$ using the chain rule

dVdh=0.06×3(4h+1)2×ddh(4h+1)\frac{\text{d}V}{\text{d}h} = 0.06 \times 3(4h + 1)^2 \times \frac{\text{d}}{\text{d}h}(4h + 1)
dVdh=0.18(4h+1)2×4\frac{\text{d}V}{\text{d}h} = 0.18(4h + 1)^2 \times 4

2. Simplify the derivative expression

dVdh=0.72(4h+1)2\frac{\text{d}V}{\text{d}h} = 0.72(4h + 1)^2

Answer

0.72(4h+1)20.72(4h + 1)^2

11(ii)

1. Find the value of $h$ when $V = 1.2$.

1.2=0.06[(4h+1)3−7]1.2 = 0.06 \left[ (4h + 1)^3 - 7 \right]
1.20.06=(4h+1)3−7\frac{1.2}{0.06} = (4h + 1)^3 - 7
20=(4h+1)3−720 = (4h + 1)^3 - 7
(4h+1)3=27(4h + 1)^3 = 27
4h+1=34h + 1 = 3
4h=2  ⟹  h=0.54h = 2 \implies h = 0.5

2. Evaluate $\frac{\text{d}V}{\text{d}h}$ at $h = 0.5$.

From (i), dVdh=0.06×3(4h+1)2×4=0.72(4h+1)2\frac{\text{d}V}{\text{d}h} = 0.06 \times 3(4h + 1)^2 \times 4 = 0.72(4h + 1)^2
When h=0.5h = 0.5, dVdh=0.72(4(0.5)+1)2=0.72(3)2=6.48\frac{\text{d}V}{\text{d}h} = 0.72(4(0.5) + 1)^2 = 0.72(3)^2 = 6.48

3. Use the chain rule to find $\frac{\text{d}h}{\text{d}t}$.

Since the liquid leaks out, dVdt=−0.98\frac{\text{d}V}{\text{d}t} = -0.98.
Using the chain rule: dVdt=dVdh×dhdt\frac{\text{d}V}{\text{d}t} = \frac{\text{d}V}{\text{d}h} \times \frac{\text{d}h}{\text{d}t}
−0.98=6.48×dhdt-0.98 = 6.48 \times \frac{\text{d}h}{\text{d}t}
dhdt=−0.986.48=−49324≈−0.151\frac{\text{d}h}{\text{d}t} = -\frac{0.98}{6.48} = -\frac{49}{324} \approx -0.151 (to 3 s.f.)

Answer

−49324-\frac{49}{324} or −0.151-0.151 (to 3 s.f.)

11(iii)

1. Interpret the negative sign and the value of the rate of change of height

The negative value of dhdt\frac{\text{d}h}{\text{d}t} indicates that the height of the liquid is decreasing. The magnitude represents the rate at which it decreases.

Answer

The height of the liquid is decreasing at a rate of 0.151 m/s0.151\text{ m/s} when the volume is 1.2 m31.2\text{ m}^3.

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