The equation of a circle is given by the equation .
- (a)
Find the coordinates of the center and radius of .
- (b)
Point lies on the circle .
Find the equation of tangent to the circle, at .
- (c)
The circle, is reflected about the -axis.
Find the equation that represents the reflected circle .
- (d)
A circle, has the equation
Explain if and intersect or do not intersect each other.
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Worked solution
9(a)
1. Group the $x$ and $y$ terms and complete the square for each
2. Identify the center and radius from the standard form $(x-a)^2 + (y-b)^2 = r^2$
Center
Radius
Center: , Radius: or
9(b)
1. Calculate the gradient of the radius connecting the center to point $A$.
From part (a), the center of is .
Gradient of radius at
2. Determine the gradient of the tangent at $A$.
Since the tangent is perpendicular to the radius at the point of contact:
Gradient of tangent
3. Form the equation of the tangent line.
Using the point-gradient form with :
9(c)
1. Find the center of the reflected circle $C_2$
From part (a), the center of is and the radius squared is .
When reflected about the -axis, the -coordinate of the center changes sign.
Center of
2. Write the equation of the reflected circle $C_2$
The radius remains the same.
Equation of :
Expanding this gives:
or
9(d)
1. State the centre and radius of $C_1$ and $C_3$.
From part (a), for :
Centre
Radius
For :
Centre
Radius
2. Calculate the distance between the centres of the two circles.
Distance
3. Calculate the sum and difference of the radii.
Sum of radii,
Difference of radii,
4. Compare the distance between centres with the sum and difference of radii to determine intersection.
Since (i.e., ), the circles intersect each other at two points.
Since the distance between the centres () is less than the sum of their radii () and greater than the difference of their radii (), and intersect each other.
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