The sum, SnS_n, of the first nn terms of the sequence u1,u2,u3,…u_1, u_2, u_3, \dots is given by
Sn=n2+4n.S_n = n^2 + 4n .

  1. (i)

    Find unu_n in terms of nn.

  2. (ii)

    Hence show that the sequence is an arithmetic progression.

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Worked solution

1. 当 $n \ge 2$ 时,利用 $u_n = S_n - S_{n-1}$ 推导 $u_n$ 的含 $n$ 代数式

已知 Sn=n2+4nS_n = n^2 + 4n。
当 n≥2n \ge 2 时,
Sn−1=(n−1)2+4(n−1)=(n2−2n+1)+(4n−4)=n2+2n−3S_{n-1} = (n-1)^2 + 4(n-1) = (n^2 - 2n + 1) + (4n - 4) = n^2 + 2n - 3
因此,
un=Sn−Sn−1=(n2+4n)−(n2+2n−3)=2n+3u_n = S_n - S_{n-1} = (n^2 + 4n) - (n^2 + 2n - 3) = 2n + 3

2. 验证 $n = 1$ 时表达式是否适用,确定通项公式 $u_n$

当 n=1n = 1 时,u1=S1=12+4(1)=5u_1 = S_1 = 1^2 + 4(1) = 5。
将 n=1n = 1 代入 un=2n+3u_n = 2n + 3,得 2(1)+3=52(1) + 3 = 5,与 u1u_1 相符。
故通项公式为 un=2n+3u_n = 2n + 3(n≥1n \ge 1)。

3. 计算后项与前项之差,证明该数列是等差数列

计算相邻两项的差:
un+1−un=[2(n+1)+3]−(2n+3)=(2n+5)−(2n+3)=2u_{n+1} - u_n = [2(n+1) + 3] - (2n + 3) = (2n + 5) - (2n + 3) = 2
因为 un+1−un=2u_{n+1} - u_n = 2 为常数(独立于 nn),所以该数列是首项为 55、公差为 22 的等差数列。

Answer

un=2n+3u_n = 2n + 3;因为 un+1−un=2u_{n+1} - u_n = 2 为常数,所以该数列是公差为 22 的等差数列。

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