The equations of three planes p1p_1, p2p_2 and p3p_3 are 4x+6y−z=32x+5y−2z=1αx−3y+4z=β\begin{aligned} 4x + 6y - z &= 3 \\ 2x + 5y - 2z &= 1 \\ \alpha x - 3y + 4z &= \beta \end{aligned} respectively, where α\alpha and β\beta are constants.

  1. (i)

    Given that α=5\alpha = 5 and β=9\beta = 9, find the coordinates of the point that lies on all three planes.

  2. (ii)

    Find the values of α\alpha and β\beta such that the line where p1p_1 and p2p_2 meet lies in p3p_3.

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Worked solution

(a)

1. 将 $\alpha = 5, \beta = 9$ 代入方程组并列出三个平面方程

当 α=5,β=9\alpha = 5, \beta = 9 时,三个平面的方程为:

(1)4x+6y−z=3 (2)2x+5y−2z=1 (3)5x−3y+4z=9\begin{aligned} (1) & \quad 4x + 6y - z = 3 \ (2) & \quad 2x + 5y - 2z = 1 \ (3) & \quad 5x - 3y + 4z = 9 \end{aligned}

2. 消去未知数 $z$,得到关于 $x$ 和 $y$ 的二元一次方程组

由方程 (1) 得:z=4x+6y−3z = 4x + 6y - 3。
将其代入方程 (2):
2x+5y−2(4x+6y−3)=1  ⟹  −6x−7y=−5  ⟹  6x+7y=5(4)2x + 5y - 2(4x + 6y - 3) = 1 \implies -6x - 7y = -5 \implies 6x + 7y = 5 \quad (4)
将 zz 代入方程 (3):
5x−3y+4(4x+6y−3)=9  ⟹  21x+21y=21  ⟹  x+y=1(5)5x - 3y + 4(4x + 6y - 3) = 9 \implies 21x + 21y = 21 \implies x + y = 1 \quad (5)

3. 求解 $x, y, z$ 并写出交点坐标

由 (5) 得 y=1−xy = 1 - x,代入 (4):
6x+7(1−x)=5  ⟹  −x+7=5  ⟹  x=26x + 7(1 - x) = 5 \implies -x + 7 = 5 \implies x = 2
则 y=1−2=−1y = 1 - 2 = -1。
代回 zz 的表达式:
z=4(2)+6(−1)−3=8−6−3=−1z = 4(2) + 6(-1) - 3 = 8 - 6 - 3 = -1
因此,三个平面的公共交点坐标为 (2,−1,−1)(2, -1, -1)。

Answer

交点坐标为 (2,−1,−1)(2, -1, -1)

(b)

1. 求平面 $p_1$ 和 $p_2$ 交线 $L$ 的参数方程

平面 p1:4x+6y−z=3p_1: 4x + 6y - z = 3 和 p2:2x+5y−2z=1p_2: 2x + 5y - 2z = 1。
用参数 tt 表示交线上的点:
设 y=6ty = 6t,联立 p1p_1 与 p2p_2 得:
6x+7y=5  ⟹  6x+42t=5  ⟹  x=56−7t6x + 7y = 5 \implies 6x + 42t = 5 \implies x = \frac{5}{6} - 7t
代入 z=4x+6y−3z = 4x + 6y - 3 得:
z=4(56−7t)+36t−3=13+8tz = 4\left(\frac{5}{6} - 7t\right) + 36t - 3 = \frac{1}{3} + 8t
因此,交线 LL 上任意一点的坐标可表示为:
(56−7t, 6t, 13+8t)\left(\frac{5}{6} - 7t,\, 6t,\, \frac{1}{3} + 8t\right)

2. 将交线的参数方程代入平面 $p_3$ 的方程中,利用对所有 $t$ 恒成立建立方程

因为交线 LL 整个包含在平面 p3:αx−3y+4z=βp_3: \alpha x - 3y + 4z = \beta 中,所以交线上任意一点都满足 p3p_3 的方程:
α(56−7t)−3(6t)+4(13+8t)=β\alpha \left(\frac{5}{6} - 7t\right) - 3(6t) + 4\left(\frac{1}{3} + 8t\right) = \beta
整理上式,按 tt 的次方分组:
t(−7α−18+32)+(56α+43−β)=0t(-7\alpha - 18 + 32) + \left(\frac{5}{6}\alpha + \frac{4}{3} - \beta\right) = 0
即:
t(14−7α)+(56α+43−β)=0t(14 - 7\alpha) + \left(\frac{5}{6}\alpha + \frac{4}{3} - \beta\right) = 0

3. 解出 $\alpha$ 和 $\beta$ 的值

该等式对任意实数 tt 均成立,因此 tt 的系数与常数项必须同时为 00:
14−7α=0  ⟹  α=214 - 7\alpha = 0 \implies \alpha = 2
56α+43−β=0  ⟹  56(2)+43−β=0  ⟹  53+43−β=0  ⟹  β=3\frac{5}{6}\alpha + \frac{4}{3} - \beta = 0 \implies \frac{5}{6}(2) + \frac{4}{3} - \beta = 0 \implies \frac{5}{3} + \frac{4}{3} - \beta = 0 \implies \beta = 3
所以,α=2,β=3\alpha = 2, \beta = 3。

Answer

α=2,β=3\alpha = 2, \quad \beta = 3

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