For events and , it is given that and .
- (i)
Given that the events and are independent, find .
- (ii)
Given that events and are not independent, find the range of .
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Worked solution
10(i)
1. Find the probability of event $A$.
2. Use the definition of independent events to find $\mathrm{P}(A \cap B)$.
10(ii)
1. Determine the general upper and lower bounds for $\mathrm{P}(A \cup B)$.
The maximum possible probability for any event is , so .
The union of two events must be at least as probable as each individual event:
So the general bounds are .
2. Calculate the value of $\mathrm{P}(A \cup B)$ if the events were independent, and exclude it from the range.
If and were independent, then from part (i), .
Using the addition rule:
Since it is given that and are NOT independent, this specific probability must be excluded.
Therefore, , where .
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