The events and are such that , and .
- (i)
Find and hence, determine whether events and are independent.
- (ii)
Find the exact value of .
- (iii)
For a third event , it is given that and that and are mutually exclusive.
Find exactly the greatest and least possible values of .
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Worked solution
9(i)
1. Calculate the probability of the intersection of A and B using the conditional probability formula.
2. Find $\mathrm{P}(A)$ using the addition rule of probability.
3. Determine if events A and B are independent by checking the mathematical conditions for independence.
Since and , we observe that .
Alternatively, checking the product rule:
Since , events and are independent.
, events and are independent
9(ii)
1. Calculate the probability of the intersection of $A$ and $B$.
2. Calculate $\mathrm{P}(A' \cap B)$ using the rule for the difference of events.
9(iii)
1. Define variables for the probabilities of the relevant regions within $A'$ to formulate equations.
Since and are mutually exclusive, . This means event occurs entirely within .
Let . Since , .
Let .
Event is partitioned into its intersections with and , so:
2. Use the probability of $A' \cap B$ and the non-negativity of probabilities to bound $x$ and find the least value of $y$.
From part (ii), we have .
The region is partitioned by and . Thus, the probability of the part outside is:
Since probabilities cannot be negative, , which gives .
Substitute :
The least possible value of is .
3. Use the total probability of $A'$ to bound $y$ and find its greatest value.
From part (i), we established , so .
Let .
The event comprises four mutually exclusive regions, so their probabilities must sum to :
Since , we must have .
The greatest possible value of is .
Greatest value , Least value
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