求在下列情况下,单词 PERCEPTIVE 中的字母有多少种排列方式:
- ((i))
所有元音字母都是隔开的;
- ((ii))
在两个 P 之间有两个字母,且其中至少有一个必须是 E。
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完整解法
6((i))
1. Identify the groups of consonants and vowels, and calculate the number of arrangements for the consonants.
The word PERCEPTIVE consists of letters in total:
- consonants (P, P, R, C, T, V) with identical Ps.
- vowels (E, E, E, I) with identical Es.
First, we arrange the consonants in a row. Since there are identical Ps, the number of ways to do this is:
2. Calculate the number of ways to place and arrange the vowels in the spaces between the consonants so they are separated.
Placing the consonants creates available spaces (including the ends) where vowels can be placed:
_ C _ C _ C _ C _ C _ C _
To ensure no two vowels are together, the vowels must occupy of these spaces.
Number of ways to choose spaces and arrange the vowels (E, E, E, I) into them:
3. Calculate the total number of valid arrangements using the multiplication principle.
Total number of ways
50400
6((ii))
1. Calculate the number of arrangements where both letters between the two 'P's are 'E's.
Let the two 'P's and the two 'E's between them form a single block: [P E E P].
Since the 'P's and 'E's are identical, there is only way to form this block.
We arrange this block with the remaining letters (E, R, C, T, I, V).
This gives distinct items in total.
Number of arrangements = .
2. Calculate the number of arrangements where exactly one letter between the two 'P's is an 'E'.
The other letter between the 'P's must be chosen from the non-'E' letters (R, C, T, I, V).
There are choices for this letter, and it can be arranged with the 'E' inside the block in ways.
Number of ways to form the block [P E X P] or [P X E P] = .
We arrange this block with the remaining letters ( identical 'E's and distinct non-'E' letters).
This gives items, with identical 'E's.
Number of arrangements for these items = .
Total arrangements for this case = .
3. Sum the arrangements from both cases to find the total number of ways.
Total number of arrangements = .
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