求在下列情况下,单词 PERCEPTIVE 中的字母有多少种排列方式:

  1. ((i))

    所有元音字母都是隔开的;

  2. ((ii))

    在两个 P 之间有两个字母,且其中至少有一个必须是 E。

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完整解法

6((i))

1. Identify the groups of consonants and vowels, and calculate the number of arrangements for the consonants.

The word PERCEPTIVE consists of 1010 letters in total:

  • 66 consonants (P, P, R, C, T, V) with 22 identical Ps.
  • 44 vowels (E, E, E, I) with 33 identical Es.

First, we arrange the 66 consonants in a row. Since there are 22 identical Ps, the number of ways to do this is:
6!2!=360\frac{6!}{2!} = 360

2. Calculate the number of ways to place and arrange the vowels in the spaces between the consonants so they are separated.

Placing the 66 consonants creates 77 available spaces (including the ends) where vowels can be placed:
_ C _ C _ C _ C _ C _ C _

To ensure no two vowels are together, the 44 vowels must occupy 44 of these 77 spaces.
Number of ways to choose 44 spaces and arrange the vowels (E, E, E, I) into them:
(74)×4!3!=35×4=140\binom{7}{4} \times \frac{4!}{3!} = 35 \times 4 = 140

3. Calculate the total number of valid arrangements using the multiplication principle.

Total number of ways =360×140=50400= 360 \times 140 = 50400

答案

50400

6((ii))

1. Calculate the number of arrangements where both letters between the two 'P's are 'E's.

Let the two 'P's and the two 'E's between them form a single block: [P E E P].
Since the 'P's and 'E's are identical, there is only 11 way to form this block.
We arrange this block with the remaining 66 letters (E, R, C, T, I, V).
This gives 77 distinct items in total.
Number of arrangements = 1×7!=50401 \times 7! = 5040.

2. Calculate the number of arrangements where exactly one letter between the two 'P's is an 'E'.

The other letter between the 'P's must be chosen from the 55 non-'E' letters (R, C, T, I, V).
There are (51)=5\binom{5}{1} = 5 choices for this letter, and it can be arranged with the 'E' inside the block in 2!=22! = 2 ways.
Number of ways to form the block [P E X P] or [P X E P] = 5×2=105 \times 2 = 10.
We arrange this block with the remaining 66 letters (22 identical 'E's and 44 distinct non-'E' letters).
This gives 77 items, with 22 identical 'E's.
Number of arrangements for these items = 7!2!=2520\frac{7!}{2!} = 2520.
Total arrangements for this case = 10×2520=2520010 \times 2520 = 25200.

3. Sum the arrangements from both cases to find the total number of ways.

Total number of arrangements = 5040+25200=302405040 + 25200 = 30240.

答案

3024030240

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