在给定的图形中,有多少对直线互相垂直?

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完整解法

4

1. Identify the vectors for each line segment of the polygon

Let the vertices be A(1,2)A(1, 2), B(2,4)B(2, 4), C(2.5,4.5)C(2.5, 4.5), D(2,5)D(2, 5), E(5,5.5)E(5, 5.5), F(6,4)F(6, 4), G(5,3)G(5, 3), H(6,2)H(6, 2), I(6,1)I(6, 1), J(4,1)J(4, 1).
The vectors for the segments are:
AB=(12)AB = \begin{pmatrix} 1 \\ 2 \end{pmatrix}
BC=(0.50.5)BC = \begin{pmatrix} 0.5 \\ 0.5 \end{pmatrix}
CD=(−0.50.5)CD = \begin{pmatrix} -0.5 \\ 0.5 \end{pmatrix}
DE=(30.5)DE = \begin{pmatrix} 3 \\ 0.5 \end{pmatrix}
EF=(1−1.5)EF = \begin{pmatrix} 1 \\ -1.5 \end{pmatrix}
FG=(−1−1)FG = \begin{pmatrix} -1 \\ -1 \end{pmatrix}
GH=(1−1)GH = \begin{pmatrix} 1 \\ -1 \end{pmatrix}
HI=(0−1)HI = \begin{pmatrix} 0 \\ -1 \end{pmatrix}
IJ=(−20)IJ = \begin{pmatrix} -2 \\ 0 \end{pmatrix}
JA=(−31)JA = \begin{pmatrix} -3 \\ 1 \end{pmatrix}

2. Check adjacent segments for perpendicularity using dot product or slope

Two segments are perpendicular if their dot product is zero (or slopes are negative reciprocals).

  1. BC⋅CD=(0.5)(−0.5)+(0.5)(0.5)=−0.25+0.25=0BC \cdot CD = (0.5)(-0.5) + (0.5)(0.5) = -0.25 + 0.25 = 0. So BC⊥CDBC \perp CD.
  2. FG⋅GH=(−1)(1)+(−1)(−1)=−1+1=0FG \cdot GH = (-1)(1) + (-1)(-1) = -1 + 1 = 0. So FG⊥GHFG \perp GH.
  3. HI⋅IJ=(0)(−2)+(−1)(0)=0HI \cdot IJ = (0)(-2) + (-1)(0) = 0. So HI⊥IJHI \perp IJ.
    Checking other adjacent pairs:
    AB⋅BC=1(0.5)+2(0.5)=1.5≠0AB \cdot BC = 1(0.5) + 2(0.5) = 1.5 \neq 0
    CD⋅DE=−1.5+0.25≠0CD \cdot DE = -1.5 + 0.25 \neq 0
    DE⋅EF=3−0.75≠0DE \cdot EF = 3 - 0.75 \neq 0
    EF⋅FG=−1+1.5≠0EF \cdot FG = -1 + 1.5 \neq 0
    GH⋅HI=0+1≠0GH \cdot HI = 0 + 1 \neq 0
    IJ⋅JA=6+0≠0IJ \cdot JA = 6 + 0 \neq 0
    JA⋅AB=−3+2≠0JA \cdot AB = -3 + 2 \neq 0
    There are 3 pairs of perpendicular adjacent lines.
答案

3 (option 3)

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