糖果被储存在一个封闭的容器中,该容器呈正六棱柱形状,底面边长为 x cmx\text{ cm},高为 h cmh\text{ cm}(如下图所示)。 已知该容器的体积为 972 cm3972\text{ cm}^3,

  1. (i)

    证明其底面积为 33x22 cm2\frac{3\sqrt{3}x^2}{2}\text{ cm}^2。

  2. (ii)

    利用微分,求制作该容器所需材料的最小面积 A cm2A\text{ cm}^2,答案保留到小数点后两位。

  3. (iii)

    已知包装材料的成本为每 100 cm2100\text{ cm}^2 为 $0.05,求制作该容器所需的最低成本。

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完整解法

8(i)

1. Find the area of one of the 6 constituent equilateral triangles that make up the regular hexagon.

A regular hexagon can be divided into 6 congruent equilateral triangles of side length xx cm.
Area of one equilateral triangle=12(x)(x)sin⁡60∘=12x2(32)=34x2\text{Area of one equilateral triangle} = \frac{1}{2}(x)(x)\sin 60^\circ = \frac{1}{2}x^2 \left(\frac{\sqrt{3}}{2}\right) = \frac{\sqrt{3}}{4}x^2

2. Calculate the total area of the regular hexagon.

Base area=6×34x2=33x22 cm2\text{Base area} = 6 \times \frac{\sqrt{3}}{4}x^2 = \frac{3\sqrt{3}x^2}{2}\text{ cm}^2

答案

\frac{3\sqrt{3}x^2}{2}\text{ cm}^2

8(ii)

1. Express the height $h$ in terms of $x$ using the given volume.

V=Base Area×hV = \text{Base Area} \times h
972=(33x22)h972 = \left( \frac{3\sqrt{3}x^2}{2} \right) h
h=972×233x2=6483x2=2163x2h = \frac{972 \times 2}{3\sqrt{3}x^2} = \frac{648}{\sqrt{3}x^2} = \frac{216\sqrt{3}}{x^2}

2. Formulate the equation for the total surface area $A$ in terms of $x$.

A=2×(Base Area)+(Perimeter of Base)×hA = 2 \times (\text{Base Area}) + (\text{Perimeter of Base}) \times h
A=2(33x22)+6x(2163x2)A = 2 \left( \frac{3\sqrt{3}x^2}{2} \right) + 6x \left( \frac{216\sqrt{3}}{x^2} \right)
A=33x2+12963xA = 3\sqrt{3}x^2 + \frac{1296\sqrt{3}}{x}

3. Differentiate $A$ with respect to $x$ and equate to $0$ to find the stationary point.

dAdx=63x−12963x2\frac{\mathrm{d}A}{\mathrm{d}x} = 6\sqrt{3}x - \frac{1296\sqrt{3}}{x^2}
For minimum area, set dAdx=0\frac{\mathrm{d}A}{\mathrm{d}x} = 0:
63x−12963x2=06\sqrt{3}x - \frac{1296\sqrt{3}}{x^2} = 0
63x=12963x26\sqrt{3}x = \frac{1296\sqrt{3}}{x^2}
63x3=129636\sqrt{3}x^3 = 1296\sqrt{3}
x3=216x^3 = 216
x=6x = 6

4. Verify that the stationary point is a minimum using the second derivative test.

d2Adx2=63+25923x3\frac{\mathrm{d}^2A}{\mathrm{d}x^2} = 6\sqrt{3} + \frac{2592\sqrt{3}}{x^3}
When x=6x = 6,
d2Adx2=63+2592363=183>0\frac{\mathrm{d}^2A}{\mathrm{d}x^2} = 6\sqrt{3} + \frac{2592\sqrt{3}}{6^3} = 18\sqrt{3} > 0
Since d2Adx2>0\frac{\mathrm{d}^2A}{\mathrm{d}x^2} > 0, the surface area AA is a minimum.

5. Calculate the minimum surface area and leave the answer to 2 decimal places.

A=33(6)2+129636A = 3\sqrt{3}(6)^2 + \frac{1296\sqrt{3}}{6}
A=1083+2163A = 108\sqrt{3} + 216\sqrt{3}
A=3243≈561.184A = 324\sqrt{3} \approx 561.184
A≈561.18 cm2 (to 2 d.p.)A \approx 561.18 \text{ cm}^2 \text{ (to 2 d.p.)}

答案

561.18561.18

8(iii)

1. Determine the minimum surface area of the container from part (ii).

From part (ii), the surface area AA is the sum of the two hexagonal bases and the 6 rectangular sides. Using the volume VV to find height hh:
V=33x22h=972  ⟹  h=6483x2V = \frac{3\sqrt{3}x^2}{2}h = 972 \implies h = \frac{648}{\sqrt{3}x^2}
A=2(33x22)+6xh=33x2+6x(6483x2)=33x2+12963xA = 2\left(\frac{3\sqrt{3}x^2}{2}\right) + 6xh = 3\sqrt{3}x^2 + 6x\left(\frac{648}{\sqrt{3}x^2}\right) = 3\sqrt{3}x^2 + \frac{1296\sqrt{3}}{x}
Differentiating to find the minimum area:
dAdx=63x−12963x2=0  ⟹  x3=216  ⟹  x=6\frac{\mathrm{d}A}{\mathrm{d}x} = 6\sqrt{3}x - \frac{1296\sqrt{3}}{x^2} = 0 \implies x^3 = 216 \implies x = 6
Minimum A=33(6)2+129636=3243≈561.184 cm2\text{Minimum } A = 3\sqrt{3}(6)^2 + \frac{1296\sqrt{3}}{6} = 324\sqrt{3} \approx 561.184\text{ cm}^2

2. Calculate the minimum cost required based on the minimum area.

The cost of the material is $0.05\char36{}0.05 per 100 cm2100\text{ cm}^2.
Cost=3243100×0.05\text{Cost} = \frac{324\sqrt{3}}{100} \times 0.05
Cost=0.28059…\text{Cost} = 0.28059\dots
Cost≈$0.28\text{Cost} \approx \text{\$}^0.28

答案

$0.28

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