如图所示,两个圆 C1C_1 和 C2C_2 相交于 AA 和 BB。FF 是 ABAB 延长线上的一点,使得 FDFD 和 FEFE 分别是圆 C1C_1 在 DD 处和圆 C2C_2 在 EE 处的切线。DBEDBE 是一条直线。

  1. ((i))

    证明三角形 FDBFDB 和 FADFAD 相似。

  2. ((ii))

    指出另一对相似三角形,并由此证明 FD=FEFD = FE。

  3. ((iii))

    如果直线 ABFABF 垂直于 DEDE,解释为什么以 AFAF 为直径的圆会通过点 DD 和点 EE。

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完整解法

9((i))

1. Identify the common angle in both triangles

∠DFB=∠AFD\angle DFB = \angle AFD (Common angle)

2. Use the alternate segment theorem to find a second pair of equal angles

Since FDFD is a tangent to circle C1C_1 at DD and DBDB is a chord, the angle between the tangent and the chord is equal to the angle in the alternate segment.
∠FDB=∠DAB\angle FDB = \angle DAB (Alternate segment theorem)
Since F,B,AF, B, A are collinear, ∠DAB\angle DAB is the same as ∠FAD\angle FAD.
Therefore, ∠FDB=∠FAD\angle FDB = \angle FAD.

3. Conclude that the triangles are similar

Since two corresponding angles are equal, △FDB\triangle FDB is similar to △FAD\triangle FAD (AA similarity).

答案

Triangles FDBFDB and FADFAD are similar (AA similarity).

9((ii))

1. Identify the other pair of similar triangles

In △FEB\triangle FEB and △FAE\triangle FAE:
∠EFB=∠AFE\angle EFB = \angle AFE (Common angle)
∠FEB=∠FAE\angle FEB = \angle FAE (Alternate segment theorem for circle C2C_2)
Therefore, △FEB\triangle FEB is similar to △FAE\triangle FAE.

2. Establish the relationship between the sides of the newly identified similar triangles

Since △FEB\triangle FEB and △FAE\triangle FAE are similar, the ratio of their corresponding sides is equal:
FEFA=FBFE\frac{FE}{FA} = \frac{FB}{FE}
FE2=FA×FBFE^2 = FA \times FB

3. Use the result from part (i) to show $FD = FE$

From part (i), △FDB\triangle FDB and △FAD\triangle FAD are similar, so:
FDFA=FBFD\frac{FD}{FA} = \frac{FB}{FD}
FD2=FA×FBFD^2 = FA \times FB
Since FD2=FA×FBFD^2 = FA \times FB and FE2=FA×FBFE^2 = FA \times FB, we have:
FD2=FE2FD^2 = FE^2
Since FDFD and FEFE are lengths, FD=FEFD = FE.

答案

Triangles FEBFEB and FAEFAE are similar. Hence FD=FEFD = FE.

9((iii))

1. Deduce the angles at the intersection $B$.

Since the line ABFABF is perpendicular to DEDE and they intersect at BB, we have ∠FBD=90∘\angle FBD = 90^\circ and ∠FBE=90∘\angle FBE = 90^\circ.

2. Use the similarity from part (i) to find $\angle FDA$.

From (i), △FDB\triangle FDB is similar to △FAD\triangle FAD.
Therefore, corresponding angles are equal: ∠FDA=∠FBD=90∘\angle FDA = \angle FBD = 90^\circ.

3. Use the similarity from part (ii) to find $\angle FEA$.

From (ii), △FEB\triangle FEB is similar to △FAE\triangle FAE.
Therefore, corresponding angles are equal: ∠FEA=∠FBE=90∘\angle FEA = \angle FBE = 90^\circ.

4. Conclude using circle properties.

Since ∠FDA=90∘\angle FDA = 90^\circ and ∠FEA=90∘\angle FEA = 90^\circ, the points DD and EE subtend a right angle from the line segment AFAF. By the converse of the angle in a semicircle theorem, a circle with diameter AFAF must pass through DD and EE.

答案

Since ∠FDA=90∘\angle FDA = 90^\circ and ∠FEA=90∘\angle FEA = 90^\circ, by the converse of the angle in a semicircle theorem, DD and EE lie on the circle with diameter AFAF.

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