通过考虑 (x+1ax2)7\left(x + \frac{1}{ax^2}\right)^7 二项式展开式中的通项(其中 aa 为常数),解释为什么每一项都与 xx 相关。 在 (x+1ax2)7\left(x + \frac{1}{ax^2}\right)^7 的展开式中,xx 的系数为 73\frac{7}{3}。求 aa 的所有可能值。

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完整解法

1(i)

1. Write down the general term of the binomial expansion

The general term is given by:
Tr+1=(7r)x7−r(1ax2)rT_{r+1} = \binom{7}{r} x^{7-r} \left(\frac{1}{ax^2}\right)^r

2. Simplify the general term to isolate the power of $x$

Tr+1=(7r)x7−r(a−1x−2)rT_{r+1} = \binom{7}{r} x^{7-r} \left(a^{-1} x^{-2}\right)^r
Tr+1=(7r)a−rx7−r−2rT_{r+1} = \binom{7}{r} a^{-r} x^{7-r-2r}
Tr+1=(7r)a−rx7−3rT_{r+1} = \binom{7}{r} a^{-r} x^{7-3r}

3. Explain why no term is independent of $x$

For a term to be independent of xx, the power of xx must be 00:
7−3r=07 - 3r = 0
3r=73r = 7
r=73r = \frac{7}{3}
Since rr must be an integer (0⩽r⩽70 \leqslant r \leqslant 7), r=73r = \frac{7}{3} is not possible. Thus, there is no term independent of xx, which means every term is dependent on xx.

答案

Since r=73r = \frac{7}{3} is not an integer, there is no term independent of xx. Therefore, every term is dependent on xx.

1(ii)

1. Find the value of $r$ that gives the term in $x$

The general term is Tr+1=(7r)x7−r(1ax2)r=(7r)1arx7−3rT_{r+1} = \binom{7}{r} x^{7-r} \left(\frac{1}{ax^2}\right)^r = \binom{7}{r} \frac{1}{a^r} x^{7-3r}.
For the term in xx, the power of xx must be 1:
7−3r=17 - 3r = 1
3r=6  ⟹  r=23r = 6 \implies r = 2

2. Equate the coefficient to $\frac{7}{3}$ and solve for $a$

Substitute r=2r = 2 into the coefficient part:
Coefficient=(72)1a2=21(1a2)\text{Coefficient} = \binom{7}{2} \frac{1}{a^2} = 21 \left(\frac{1}{a^2}\right)
Given that the coefficient is 73\frac{7}{3}:
21a2=73\frac{21}{a^2} = \frac{7}{3}
a2=21×37a^2 = \frac{21 \times 3}{7}
a2=9a^2 = 9
a=±3a = \pm 3

答案

a=3a = 3 or a=−3a = -3

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