A particle moving along a path at time , where , is defined parametrically by and .
- ((a))
The tangent to the path at the point meets the y-axis at the point . Show that the coordinates of is .
- ((b))
The distance of the particle from the point is denoted by , where . Find the exact rate of change of the particle's distance from at time .
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Worked solution
5((a))
1. Differentiate the parametric equations for $x$ and $y$ with respect to $t$.
Given and :
2. Apply the chain rule to find the derivative $\frac{dy}{dx}$ in terms of $t$.
3. Form the equation of the tangent at point $P$ and substitute $x = 0$ to find the y-intercept.
At , the gradient of the tangent is .
The equation of the tangent at is:
To find where it meets the y-axis, set :
4. Simplify the expression for the y-coordinate using trigonometric identities to show the required form.
Expressing in terms of sine and cosine:
Thus, the coordinates of are .
\text{Shown that the coordinates of } Q \text{ are } (0,; 2\sin 3p + 1).
5((b))
1. Express the square of the distance $s^2$ in terms of the parameter $t$ and simplify.
Using the identity :
2. Differentiate the expression for $s^2$ implicitly with respect to $t$.
3. Evaluate $s$ and $\frac{\mathrm{d}s}{\mathrm{d}t}$ at $t = \frac{\pi}{4}$.
When , .
Substitute these into the equation for :
Substitute the values into the derivative equation to find :
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