The curve has parametric equations
- (a)
Sketch .
- (b)
Find the equation of the tangent to at the point .
- (c)
The tangent to at the point meets the curve again at point . Find the coordinates of point .
- (d)
The normal to at the point meets the - and -axes at the points and respectively. Given that the point is the mid-point of , find the coordinates of in terms of .
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Worked solution
7(a)
1. Find the Cartesian equation of the curve to determine its domain and shape (or sketch directly using a graphing calculator).
Since , .
The curve is given by defined for .
2. Identify key features and describe the sketch of the curve.
At , and , so the -intercept is at .
The gradient .
At , , meaning there is a horizontal tangent (a cusp) at .
The equation shows symmetry about the -axis. The curve is drawn in the first and fourth quadrants, curving outwards as .
A curve symmetric about the -axis, starting from a horizontal cusp at the -intercept , and extending into the 1st and 4th quadrants with no -intercepts.
7(b)
1. Determine the value of the parameter $t$ corresponding to the point $(6, 8)$.
Substitute into the equation for :
Verify with the -coordinate:
Since this is consistent, at the point .
2. Differentiate the parametric equations with respect to $t$ to find $\frac{dy}{dx}$.
Using the chain rule:
3. Calculate the gradient of the tangent at $t = 2$ and formulate its equation.
Substitute into :
Using the point-gradient form for the tangent equation at :
7(c)
1. Retrieve or derive the equation of the tangent to $C$ at $(6, 8)$ from the preceding part.
At the point , .
From parametric differentiation:
and
At , the gradient .
The equation of the tangent is:
2. Substitute the parametric equations of $C$ into the tangent equation to find intersection points.
Substitute and into :
3. Solve the polynomial equation for $t$.
Since the tangent touches the curve at , must be a repeated root of this equation. By factorisation (or using a graphing calculator):
For the point where the line meets the curve again, .
4. Find the coordinates of $P$ using the parameter $t = -1$.
Substitute into the parametric equations of :
The coordinates of point are .
7(d)
1. Find the gradient of the normal to the curve at the point where $t = m$.
Since and , we have and .
The gradient of the tangent is .
At , the gradient of the tangent is .
Therefore, the gradient of the normal is .
2. Formulate the equation of the normal line.
Using the point-gradient form, the equation of the normal at is:
Multiplying by to eliminate the fraction:
3. Find the coordinates of the $x$ and $y$ intercepts, $Q$ and $R$.
To find (the -intercept), set :
So, is .
To find (the -intercept), set :
So, is .
4. Calculate the coordinates of the midpoint $F$.
Since is the midpoint of , its coordinates are the average of the coordinates of and :
Hence, the coordinates of are .
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