It is known that the nnth term of a sequence is given by un=ln⁡(nn+1)u_n = \ln\left(\frac{n}{n+1}\right), where n≥1n \ge 1.

  1. (i)

    Determine if the sequence is convergent, stating your reason clearly.

  2. (ii)

    By using the method of differences or otherwise, find ∑n=1Nun\sum_{n=1}^{N} u_n in terms of NN.

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Worked solution

(a)

1. 求数列通项 $u_n$ 当 $n o \infty$ 时的极限

计算当 no∞n o \infty 时 unu_n 的极限:
lim⁡n→∞un=lim⁡n→∞ln⁡(nn+1)=ln⁡(lim⁡n→∞nn+1)\lim_{n \to \infty} u_n = \lim_{n \to \infty} \ln\left(\frac{n}{n+1}\right) = \ln\left(\lim_{n \to \infty} \frac{n}{n+1}\right)
因为 lim⁡n→∞nn+1=lim⁡n→∞11+1n=1\lim_{n \to \infty} \frac{n}{n+1} = \lim_{n \to \infty} \frac{1}{1 + \frac{1}{n}} = 1,
所以 lim⁡n→∞un=ln⁡(1)=0\lim_{n \to \infty} u_n = \ln(1) = 0。

2. 根据极限值判断数列的收敛性并给出理由

因为当 n→∞n \to \infty 时,极限 lim⁡n→∞un=0\lim_{n \to \infty} u_n = 0 存在且为有限实数,所以该数列是收敛的。

Answer

该数列是收敛的,因为当 no∞n o \infty 时,lim⁡no∞un=0\lim_{n o \infty} u_n = 0(极限存在且为有限实数)。

(b)

1. 利用对数性质拆分通项 $u_n$

利用对数运算性质 ln⁡(ab)=ln⁡a−ln⁡b\ln\left(\frac{a}{b}\right) = \ln a - \ln b,可将通项改写为:
un=ln⁡(nn+1)=ln⁡n−ln⁡(n+1)u_n = \ln\left(\frac{n}{n+1}\right) = \ln n - \ln(n+1)

2. 运用裂项相消法计算前 $N$ 项和

将拆分后的通项代入前 NN 项和表达式:
∑n=1Nun=∑n=1N(ln⁡n−ln⁡(n+1))\sum_{n=1}^{N} u_n = \sum_{n=1}^{N} (\ln n - \ln(n+1))
=(ln⁡1−ln⁡2)+(ln⁡2−ln⁡3)+(ln⁡3−ln⁡4)+⋯+(ln⁡N−ln⁡(N+1))= (\ln 1 - \ln 2) + (\ln 2 - \ln 3) + (\ln 3 - \ln 4) + \dots + (\ln N - \ln(N+1))
注意到中间项全部抵消,只剩下首项与尾项:
∑n=1Nun=ln⁡1−ln⁡(N+1)\sum_{n=1}^{N} u_n = \ln 1 - \ln(N+1)
因为 ln⁡1=0\ln 1 = 0,所以:
∑n=1Nun=−ln⁡(N+1)或ln⁡(1N+1)\sum_{n=1}^{N} u_n = -\ln(N+1) \quad \text{或} \quad \ln\left(\frac{1}{N+1}\right)

Answer

−ln⁡(N+1)-\ln(N+1)(或 ln⁡(1N+1)\ln\left(\frac{1}{N+1}\right))

AI analysis — may contain mistakes.

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