The diagram shows a right-angled triangle OQR, where OQ = 4 cm and P is a point on OR such that OP = 3 cm and PR = 6 cm. Express as a fraction in its simplest form,

  1. (a)

    cos⁡∠QPR\cos \angle QPR.

    Answer ...

  2. (b)

    tan⁡∠PRQ\tan \angle PRQ.

    Answer ...

  3. (c)

    sin⁡∠PQRsin⁡∠PRQ\dfrac{\sin\angle PQR}{\sin\angle PRQ}.

    Answer ...

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Worked solution

14(a)

1. Find the hypotenuse of right-angled triangle OPQ and apply the cosine ratio for angle QPR.

In right-angled triangle OPQOPQ,
PQ=OP2+OQ2=32+42=5.PQ=\sqrt{OP^2+OQ^2}=\sqrt{3^2+4^2}=5.
For ∠QPR\angle QPR,
cos⁡∠QPR=adjacenthypotenuse=OPPQ=35.\cos\angle QPR=\frac{\text{adjacent}}{\text{hypotenuse}}=\frac{OP}{PQ}=\frac{3}{5}.

Answer

35\dfrac{3}{5}

14(b)

1. Identify the opposite and adjacent sides for angle PRQ and apply the tangent ratio.

Since PP lies on OROR, ∠PRQ=∠ORQ\angle PRQ = \angle ORQ.

In right-angled triangle OQROQR,
OR=OP+PR=3+6=9 cm.OR = OP + PR = 3 + 6 = 9\text{ cm}.
For ∠PRQ\angle PRQ at RR,
tan⁡∠PRQ=oppositeadjacent=OQOR=49.\tan \angle PRQ = \frac{\text{opposite}}{\text{adjacent}} = \frac{OQ}{OR} = \frac{4}{9}.

Answer

49\dfrac{4}{9}

14(c)

1. Find the needed hypotenuse lengths in the two right-angled triangles.

In △OPQ\triangle OPQ,
PQ=32+42=5.PQ=\sqrt{3^2+4^2}=5.
Since OR=OP+PR=3+6=9OR=OP+PR=3+6=9, in △OQR\triangle OQR,
QR=92+42=97.QR=\sqrt{9^2+4^2}=\sqrt{97}.

2. Write both sine ratios and simplify their quotient.

For ∠PQR\angle PQR in △OPQ\triangle OPQ,
sin⁡∠PQR=OPPQ=35.\sin\angle PQR=\frac{OP}{PQ}=\frac{3}{5}.
For ∠PRQ\angle PRQ in △OQR\triangle OQR,
sin⁡∠PRQ=OQQR=497.\sin\angle PRQ=\frac{OQ}{QR}=\frac{4}{\sqrt{97}}.
Hence
sin⁡∠PQRsin⁡∠PRQ=35497=39720.\frac{\sin\angle PQR}{\sin\angle PRQ}=\frac{\frac{3}{5}}{\frac{4}{\sqrt{97}}}=\frac{3\sqrt{97}}{20}.

Answer

95\dfrac{9}{5}

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