The graphs of and are shown below.
- (a)
State the nature of all turning point(s) of the graph of .
- (b)
State the range of values of where f is decreasing.
- (c)
Sketch the graph of indicating clearly the equations of the asymptotes, coordinates of the turning point(s) and the intersections with the axes.
- (d)
On the copy of the graph of in the Printed Answer Booklet, sketch and label a line , where is a constant. Hence state the range of values of for which there is no real solution to the equation .
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Worked solution
5(a)
1. Identify the $x$-coordinates of the turning points from the graph of $y = f'(x)$.
Turning points of occur where .
From the given graph of , the -intercepts are at and .
Thus, the turning points are at and .
2. Determine the nature of each turning point by observing the sign change of $f'(x)$.
At , the graph of crosses the -axis from above to below. This means changes from positive to negative, indicating a local maximum.
At , the graph of also falls and crosses the -axis from above to below. This means changes from positive to negative, indicating a local maximum as well.
The turning points at and are both local maxima.
5(b)
1. State the condition for f to be decreasing in terms of f'.
is decreasing where , i.e. where the graph of lies below the -axis.
2. Read the interval where f'(x) < 0 from the graph.
From the graph of , the curve is below the -axis between its zeros at and (it is positive for ). Hence for .
is decreasing for .
5(c)
1. Identify the asymptotes of f(x)
Since has a vertical spike at , has a vertical asymptote .
As , , so has gradient far out; the reference lines and its reflection on the graph (meeting the axis at ) show the oblique asymptote .
2. Recover the sign of f and locate the turning point
at with for and just after, so is a maximum. From the graph the point lies on a smooth peak, and stays positive on , so the maximum is at .
The parts of that touch the axis with a corner () are where . Reflect back below the axis the sections where was negative (for , for , and for ) to obtain the true graph of .
3. Produce the labelled sketch with all required features
Draw both asymptotes (dashed vertical) and (dashed oblique). Plot the maximum and the intercepts , , .
Left branch: comes up along from the lower left, crosses , rises to the maximum , then falls, crossing and dropping to as .
Right branch: rises from as , crosses and approaches the oblique asymptote from below.
Sketch of showing:
- vertical asymptote and oblique asymptote ;
- a maximum turning point at ;
- -intercepts at , and ;
- the left branch rising from the oblique asymptote up to the maximum then falling to at (so the section is below the axis), and the right branch rising from at , crossing at and approaching .
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