The diagram shows the map of a garden in the shape of a quadrilateral ABCD. The scale of the map is 1 cm to 10 m.

  1. (a)

    Using a pair of compasses and ruler, construct

    1. ((i))

      the perpendicular bisector of AB,

    2. ((ii))

      the angle bisector of angle ABC.

  2. (b)

    A statue S is located inside the garden ABCD such that it is 55 m from D and equidistant from A and B.

    Label the exact position of S.

  3. (c)

    A pine tree T is located inside the garden ABCD such that it is equidistant from AB and BC, and equidistant from A and B.

    Label the exact position of T.

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Worked solution

20(a)((i))

1. Construct equal-radius arcs from $A$ and $B$ and draw the bisector through their intersections.

Set the compass radius to more than half of ABAB. With centre AA, draw arcs above and below ABAB. Without changing the compass radius, with centre BB, draw arcs to intersect the first pair of arcs. Join the two arc intersection points with a straight line. This line is the perpendicular bisector of ABAB.

Answer

The perpendicular bisector of ABAB is constructed: it crosses ABAB at its midpoint and is perpendicular to ABAB.

20(a)((ii))

1. Construct the angle bisector of $\angle ABC$ using equal-radius arcs.

With centre BB, draw an arc cutting BABA and BCBC at two points. Using the same radius from these two points, draw arcs that intersect inside ∠ABC\angle ABC. Join BB to this intersection point with a ruler. This line is the angle bisector of ∠ABC\angle ABC.

Answer

The angle bisector of ∠ABC\angle ABC is constructed as a straight line from BB dividing ∠ABC\angle ABC into two equal angles.

20(b)

1. Convert the actual distance from $D$ to a map distance.

Scale: 1 cm:10 m1\text{ cm}:10\text{ m}.

55 m÷10=5.5 cm55\text{ m}\div 10=5.5\text{ cm}

So SS must be 5.5 cm5.5\text{ cm} from DD on the map.

2. Locate the point satisfying both conditions.

Since SS is equidistant from AA and BB, SS lies on the perpendicular bisector of ABAB.

Using compasses, draw an arc or circle with centre DD and radius 5.5 cm5.5\text{ cm}.

The required point SS is the intersection of this circle with the perpendicular bisector of ABAB that lies inside quadrilateral ABCDABCD.

Answer

SS is the point inside ABCDABCD where the perpendicular bisector of ABAB meets the circle with centre DD and radius 5.5 cm5.5\text{ cm} on the map.

20(c)

1. Identify and label the intersection satisfying both equidistance conditions.

Since TT is equidistant from ABAB and BCBC, it lies on the angle bisector of ∠ABC\angle ABC.

Since TT is equidistant from AA and BB, it lies on the perpendicular bisector of ABAB.

Therefore, label
T= intersection of the angle bisector of ∠ABC and the perpendicular bisector of ABT=\text{ intersection of the angle bisector of }\angle ABC\text{ and the perpendicular bisector of }AB
inside the quadrilateral ABCDABCD.

Answer

TT is the point inside ABCDABCD where the angle bisector of ∠ABC\angle ABC intersects the perpendicular bisector of ABAB.

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