The curve C1C_1 undergoes the transformations in the order given below:
  1. A translation of 2 units in the negative xx direction.
  2. A stretch parallel to the xx axis, factor 2, yy axis invariant.
  3. A translation of 1 unit in the positive yy direction.
The resulting curve C2C_2 has equation
y=x2+9x+22x+4,x∈R, x≠−4.y = \frac{x^2 + 9x + 22}{x + 4} , \quad x \in \mathbb{R}, \ x \ne -4.
Find, in the simplest form, the equation for C1C_1.

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Worked solution

8(b)

1. Express the sequence of transformations acting on a general function for curve $C_1$.

Let the equation of C1C_1 be y=f(x)y = \mathrm{f}(x).

  1. A translation of 2 units in the negative xx direction replaces xx with (x+2)(x + 2):
    y=f(x+2)y = \mathrm{f}(x + 2)
  2. A stretch parallel to the xx axis with factor 2 replaces xx with x2\frac{x}{2}:
    y=f(x2+2)y = \mathrm{f}\left(\frac{x}{2} + 2\right)
  3. A translation of 1 unit in the positive yy direction adds 1 to the function:
    y=f(x2+2)+1y = \mathrm{f}\left(\frac{x}{2} + 2\right) + 1
    This resulting expression represents the equation of C2C_2.

2. Equate the transformed function to the given equation of $C_2$ and isolate the function part.

f(x2+2)+1=x2+9x+22x+4\mathrm{f}\left(\frac{x}{2} + 2\right) + 1 = \frac{x^2 + 9x + 22}{x + 4}
Subtract 1 from both sides to isolate the ff term:
f(x2+2)=x2+9x+22x+4−x+4x+4\mathrm{f}\left(\frac{x}{2} + 2\right) = \frac{x^2 + 9x + 22}{x + 4} - \frac{x + 4}{x + 4}
f(x2+2)=x2+8x+18x+4\mathrm{f}\left(\frac{x}{2} + 2\right) = \frac{x^2 + 8x + 18}{x + 4}

3. Use an algebraic substitution to rewrite the equation in terms of a single variable, solving for $\mathrm{f}(u)$.

Let u=x2+2u = \frac{x}{2} + 2.
Solving for xx, we get x2=u−2  ⟹  x=2u−4\frac{x}{2} = u - 2 \implies x = 2u - 4.
Substitute x=2u−4x = 2u - 4 into the isolated equation:
f(u)=(2u−4)2+8(2u−4)+18(2u−4)+4\mathrm{f}(u) = \frac{(2u - 4)^2 + 8(2u - 4) + 18}{(2u - 4) + 4}

4. Expand and simplify the algebraic fraction to find the simplest form of the equation for $C_1$.

f(u)=4u2−16u+16+16u−32+182u\mathrm{f}(u) = \frac{4u^2 - 16u + 16 + 16u - 32 + 18}{2u}
f(u)=4u2+22u\mathrm{f}(u) = \frac{4u^2 + 2}{2u}
f(u)=2u2+1u\mathrm{f}(u) = \frac{2u^2 + 1}{u}
Replacing the dummy variable uu back with xx, the equation for C1C_1 is:
y=2x2+1xy = \frac{2x^2 + 1}{x}

Answer

y=2x2+1xy = \frac{2x^2 + 1}{x}

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