By expressing the equation of the curve y=12x+112x+1y = \frac{12x + 11}{2x + 1} in the form y=A+B2x+1y = A + \frac{B}{2x + 1}, where AA and BB are constants, describe a sequence of three transformations which maps the graph of y=12x−3y = \frac{1}{2x - 3} onto the graph of y=12x+112x+1y = \frac{12x + 11}{2x + 1}. The diagram shows the graph of y=f(x)y = \mathrm{f}(x). The curve has a maximum point at (0,−5)(0, -5) and a minimum point at (6,−4)(6, -4). The equations of the asymptotes of the curve are x=−2x = -2, x=2x = 2 and y=−2y = -2. Sketch the graph of y=f(−x+2)+4y = \mathrm{f}(-x + 2) + 4, indicating clearly the equations of the asymptotes and the coordinates of the axial intercepts and turning points.

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Worked solution

8(a)

1. Express the given equation in the required partial fraction form to identify constants $A$ and $B$.

y=12x+112x+1y = \frac{12x + 11}{2x + 1}
y=6(2x+1)+52x+1y = \frac{6(2x + 1) + 5}{2x + 1}
y=6+52x+1y = 6 + \frac{5}{2x + 1}
Thus, A=6A = 6 and B=5B = 5.

2. Determine the horizontal translation required to transform the denominator.

We start with the original curve f(x)=12x−3\mathrm{f}(x) = \frac{1}{2x - 3}.
To change the denominator to 2x+12x + 1, we need to replace xx with x+2x + 2:
f(x+2)=12(x+2)−3=12x+1\mathrm{f}(x + 2) = \frac{1}{2(x + 2) - 3} = \frac{1}{2x + 1}
This corresponds to a translation of −2-2 units parallel to the xx-axis.

3. Determine the vertical scaling required to match the numerator.

Next, we multiply the function by 55 to get the required numerator of B=5B = 5:
5f(x+2)=52x+15\mathrm{f}(x + 2) = \frac{5}{2x + 1}
This corresponds to a scaling parallel to the yy-axis with a scale factor of 55.

4. Determine the vertical translation required to complete the function mapping.

Finally, we add 66 to the function to account for A=6A = 6:
5f(x+2)+6=6+52x+15\mathrm{f}(x + 2) + 6 = 6 + \frac{5}{2x + 1}
This corresponds to a translation of 66 units parallel to the yy-axis.

Answer

y=6+52x+1y = 6 + \frac{5}{2x + 1}

Sequence of transformations:

  1. Translation of −2-2 units parallel to the xx-axis.
  2. Scaling parallel to the yy-axis by a scale factor of 55.
  3. Translation of 66 units parallel to the yy-axis.

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