x=?x=?
8x+2x=1308^x + 2^x = 130

Worked solution

1. 运用指数法则与换元法将指数方程转化为三次方程

根据指数幂的运算性质,可将 8x8^x 改写为:
8x=(23)x=(2x)38^x = (2^3)^x = (2^x)^3
原方程化为:
(2x)3+2x=130(2^x)^3 + 2^x = 130
设 u=2xu = 2^x(其中 u>0u > 0),代入得:
u3+u−130=0u^3 + u - 130 = 0

2. 因式分解求解一元三次方程的实数根

观察常数项 130130 的因数,尝试代入 u=5u = 5:
53+5−130=125+5−130=05^3 + 5 - 130 = 125 + 5 - 130 = 0
由因式定理可知 (u−5)(u - 5) 是 u3+u−130u^3 + u - 130 的因式。进行多项式除法因式分解:
u3+u−130=(u−5)(u2+5u+26)=0u^3 + u - 130 = (u - 5)(u^2 + 5u + 26) = 0
对于二次方程 u2+5u+26=0u^2 + 5u + 26 = 0:
其判别式为 Δ=52−4×1×26=25−104=−79<0\Delta = 5^2 - 4 \times 1 \times 26 = 25 - 104 = -79 < 0,无实数根。
因此,该方程唯一的实数根为:
u=5u = 5

3. 回代换元并利用对数求出 $x$ 的值

将 u=5u = 5 回代入 u=2xu = 2^x,得:
2x=52^x = 5
两边取以 22 为底的对数,得:
x=log⁡25x = \log_2 5

Answer

log⁡25\log_2 5

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