The area of a triangle ABCABC, right-angled at BB, is (7+192) cm2\left(7 + \sqrt{192}\right)\ \text{cm}^{2}. ABAB has a length of (1+3) cm\left(1 + \sqrt{3}\right)\ \text{cm}.

  1. (i)

    Find the exact length of BCBC in the form (a−b) cm\left(a - \sqrt{b}\right)\ \text{cm}, where aa and bb are integers.

  2. (ii)

    Find an expression for (AC)2(AC)^{2} in the form (c+d3) cm2\left(c + d\sqrt{3}\right)\ \text{cm}^{2}, where cc and dd are integers.

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Worked solution

4(i)

1. Set up the equation for the area of the triangle.

12×AB×BC=Area\frac{1}{2} \times AB \times BC = \text{Area}
12(1+3)BC=7+192\frac{1}{2}(1 + \sqrt{3})BC = 7 + \sqrt{192}

2. Simplify the surd $\sqrt{192}$ and isolate $BC$.

192=64×3=83\sqrt{192} = \sqrt{64 \times 3} = 8\sqrt{3}
BC=2(7+83)1+3BC = \frac{2(7 + 8\sqrt{3})}{1 + \sqrt{3}}
BC=14+1631+3BC = \frac{14 + 16\sqrt{3}}{1 + \sqrt{3}}

3. Rationalise the denominator.

BC=(14+163)(1−3)(1+3)(1−3)BC = \frac{(14 + 16\sqrt{3})(1 - \sqrt{3})}{(1 + \sqrt{3})(1 - \sqrt{3})}

4. Expand and simplify to find the exact length in the required form.

BC=14−143+163−16(3)1−3BC = \frac{14 - 14\sqrt{3} + 16\sqrt{3} - 16(3)}{1 - 3}
BC=14+23−48−2BC = \frac{14 + 2\sqrt{3} - 48}{-2}
BC=−34+23−2BC = \frac{-34 + 2\sqrt{3}}{-2}
BC=17−3BC = 17 - \sqrt{3}

Answer

17−317 - \sqrt{3}

4(ii)

1. Find the length of $BC$ from the area given in part (i)

Area =7+192=7+83= 7 + \sqrt{192} = 7 + 8\sqrt{3}
12×AB×BC=7+83\frac{1}{2} \times AB \times BC = 7 + 8\sqrt{3}
BC=14+1631+3BC = \frac{14 + 16\sqrt{3}}{1 + \sqrt{3}}
BC=(14+163)(1−3)(1+3)(1−3)BC = \frac{(14 + 16\sqrt{3})(1 - \sqrt{3})}{(1 + \sqrt{3})(1 - \sqrt{3})}
BC=14−143+163−481−3BC = \frac{14 - 14\sqrt{3} + 16\sqrt{3} - 48}{1 - 3}
BC=−34+23−2=17−3BC = \frac{-34 + 2\sqrt{3}}{-2} = 17 - \sqrt{3}

2. Apply Pythagoras' theorem to find $(AC)^2$

(AC)2=AB2+BC2(AC)^2 = AB^2 + BC^2
(AC)2=(1+3)2+(17−3)2(AC)^2 = (1 + \sqrt{3})^2 + (17 - \sqrt{3})^2

3. Expand and simplify the surd expressions

(AC)2=(1+23+3)+(289−343+3)(AC)^2 = (1 + 2\sqrt{3} + 3) + (289 - 34\sqrt{3} + 3)
(AC)2=(4+23)+(292−343)(AC)^2 = (4 + 2\sqrt{3}) + (292 - 34\sqrt{3})
(AC)2=296−323(AC)^2 = 296 - 32\sqrt{3}

Answer

296−323296 - 32\sqrt{3}

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