Find the term independent of xx and the 1x3\frac{1}{x^3} term in the binomial expansion of
(x2−2x)9.\left(x^2 - \frac{2}{x}\right)^9.
Hence, find the term independent of xx in the expansion of
(3−x3)(x2−2x)9.\left(3 - x^3\right)\left(x^2 - \frac{2}{x}\right)^9.

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Worked solution

3(i)

1. Write down the general term of the binomial expansion

The general term Tr+1T_{r+1} is given by:
Tr+1=(9r)(x2)9−r(−2x)rT_{r+1} = \binom{9}{r} (x^2)^{9-r} \left(-\frac{2}{x}\right)^r

2. Simplify the general term to isolate the power of $x$

Tr+1=(9r)x18−2r(−2)rx−rT_{r+1} = \binom{9}{r} x^{18-2r} (-2)^r x^{-r}
Tr+1=(9r)(−2)rx18−3rT_{r+1} = \binom{9}{r} (-2)^r x^{18-3r}

3. Find the term independent of $x$

For the term independent of xx, the power of xx must be 00:
18−3r=018 - 3r = 0
3r=18  ⟹  r=63r = 18 \implies r = 6
Substitute r=6r = 6 into the general term:
T7=(96)(−2)6x0T_7 = \binom{9}{6} (-2)^6 x^0
T7=84×64=5376T_7 = 84 \times 64 = 5376

4. Find the $\frac{1}{x^3}$ term

For the 1x3\frac{1}{x^3} term, the power of xx must be −3-3:
18−3r=−318 - 3r = -3
3r=21  ⟹  r=73r = 21 \implies r = 7
Substitute r=7r = 7 into the general term:
T8=(97)(−2)7x−3T_8 = \binom{9}{7} (-2)^7 x^{-3}
T8=36×(−128)x−3=−4608x−3T_8 = 36 \times (-128) x^{-3} = -4608x^{-3}

Answer

Term independent of xx: 53765376

1x3\frac{1}{x^3} term: −46081x3-4608\frac{1}{x^3}

3(ii)

1. Concisely find the required terms from part (i) that will be needed.

The general term of (x2−2x)9\left(x^2 - \frac{2}{x}\right)^9 is:
Tr+1=(9r)(x2)9−r(−2x)r=(9r)(−2)rx18−3rT_{r+1} = \binom{9}{r}(x^2)^{9-r}\left(-\frac{2}{x}\right)^r = \binom{9}{r}(-2)^r x^{18-3r}
For the term independent of xx, 18−3r=0  ⟹  r=618 - 3r = 0 \implies r = 6.
The term is (96)(−2)6=84×64=5376\binom{9}{6}(-2)^6 = 84 \times 64 = 5376.
For the 1x3\frac{1}{x^3} term, 18−3r=−3  ⟹  r=718 - 3r = -3 \implies r = 7.
The term is (97)(−2)7x−3=36×(−128)x−3=−4608x−3\binom{9}{7}(-2)^7 x^{-3} = 36 \times (-128) x^{-3} = -4608x^{-3}.

2. Identify the combinations of terms that produce a term independent of $x$ in the new expansion.

We are expanding (3−x3)(x2−2x)9\left(3 - x^3\right)\left(x^2 - \frac{2}{x}\right)^9.
The term independent of xx is formed by:
3×(term independent of x)+(−x3)×(term in 1x3)3 \times (\text{term independent of } x) + (-x^3) \times \left(\text{term in } \frac{1}{x^3}\right)

3. Calculate the final term independent of $x$.

Term independent of xx =3(5376)+(−x3)(−4608x−3)= 3(5376) + (-x^3)(-4608x^{-3})
=16128+4608= 16128 + 4608
=20736= 20736

Answer

2073620736

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