The diagram below shows a fenced field PQRSPQRS. It is given that PS=40 mPS = 40\text{ m}, SR=100 mSR = 100\text{ m}, both angles PQRPQR and PSRPSR are right angles and angle QRS=θQRS = \theta, where θ\theta is an acute angle in degrees.

  1. (a)

    Show that the perimeter, P mP\text{ m}, of the fence PQRSPQRS is given by P=140+140sin⁡θ+60cos⁡θP = 140 + 140 \sin \theta + 60 \cos \theta.

  2. (b)

    Express PP in the form 140+Rcos⁡(θ−α)140 + R \cos(\theta - \alpha), where R>0R > 0 and 0∘≤θ≤90∘0^\circ \le \theta \le 90^\circ.

  3. (c)

    Find the value of θ\theta when P=250P = 250.

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Worked solution

7(a)

1. Draw perpendiculars to form right-angled triangles and find the lengths of the segments related to $SR$.

Draw a vertical line from SS to meet QRQR at AA. In △SAR\triangle SAR, ∠SAR=90∘\angle SAR = 90^\circ.
SA=SRsin⁡θ=100sin⁡θSA = SR \sin \theta = 100 \sin \theta
AR=SRcos⁡θ=100cos⁡θAR = SR \cos \theta = 100 \cos \theta

2. Draw a horizontal line from $S$ to $PQ$ and find the lengths of the segments related to $PS$.

Draw a horizontal line from SS to meet PQPQ (or its extension) at BB. In △PBS\triangle PBS, ∠PBS=90∘\angle PBS = 90^\circ.
Since ∠PSR=90∘\angle PSR = 90^\circ and the angle of SRSR with the horizontal is θ\theta, the angle of PSPS with the vertical is θ\theta. Thus, ∠PSB=90∘−θ\angle PSB = 90^\circ - \theta and ∠SPB=θ\angle SPB = \theta.
SB=PSsin⁡θ=40sin⁡θSB = PS \sin \theta = 40 \sin \theta
PB=PScos⁡θ=40cos⁡θPB = PS \cos \theta = 40 \cos \theta

3. Express $QR$ and $PQ$ in terms of $\theta$ and calculate the total perimeter.

From the rectangle SBAQSBAQ (where QA=SBQA = SB and QB=SAQB = SA):
QR=QA+AR=SB+AR=40sin⁡θ+100cos⁡θQR = QA + AR = SB + AR = 40 \sin \theta + 100 \cos \theta
PQ=QB−PB=SA−PB=100sin⁡θ−40cos⁡θPQ = QB - PB = SA - PB = 100 \sin \theta - 40 \cos \theta

Perimeter P=PQ+QR+RS+SPP = PQ + QR + RS + SP
P=(100sin⁡θ−40cos⁡θ)+(40sin⁡θ+100cos⁡θ)+100+40P = (100 \sin \theta - 40 \cos \theta) + (40 \sin \theta + 100 \cos \theta) + 100 + 40
P=140+140sin⁡θ+60cos⁡θP = 140 + 140 \sin \theta + 60 \cos \theta (shown)

Answer

Shown as required.

7(b)

1. Set up the R-formula equation for the trigonometric part of $P$

We want to express 60cos⁡θ+140sin⁡θ60 \cos \theta + 140 \sin \theta in the form Rcos⁡(θ−α)R \cos(\theta - \alpha).
Expanding Rcos⁡(θ−α)R \cos(\theta - \alpha) gives Rcos⁡θcos⁡α+Rsin⁡θsin⁡αR \cos \theta \cos \alpha + R \sin \theta \sin \alpha.
Comparing coefficients:
Rcos⁡α=60R \cos \alpha = 60
Rsin⁡α=140R \sin \alpha = 140

2. Calculate the value of $R$

R=602+1402R = \sqrt{60^2 + 140^2}
R=3600+19600=23200R = \sqrt{3600 + 19600} = \sqrt{23200}
R=2058≈152.315R = 20\sqrt{58} \approx 152.315

3. Calculate the value of $\alpha$ and write the final expression

tan⁡α=14060=73\tan \alpha = \frac{140}{60} = \frac{7}{3}
α=tan⁡−1(73)≈66.801∘\alpha = \tan^{-1}\left(\frac{7}{3}\right) \approx 66.801^\circ
Therefore, P=140+152.3cos⁡(θ−66.8∘)P = 140 + 152.3 \cos(\theta - 66.8^\circ) (to 1 d.p.)

Answer

140+152.3cos⁡(θ−66.8∘)140 + 152.3 \cos(\theta - 66.8^\circ)

7(c)

1. Set up the equation using the R-formula result from part (b)

From part (b), P=140+23200cos⁡(θ−66.801∘)P = 140 + \sqrt{23200} \cos(\theta - 66.801^\circ).
Given P=250P = 250,
140+23200cos⁡(θ−66.801∘)=250140 + \sqrt{23200} \cos(\theta - 66.801^\circ) = 250
23200cos⁡(θ−66.801∘)=110\sqrt{23200} \cos(\theta - 66.801^\circ) = 110
cos⁡(θ−66.801∘)=11023200≈0.72217\cos(\theta - 66.801^\circ) = \frac{110}{\sqrt{23200}} \approx 0.72217

2. Solve for $\theta$ and select the acute angle

θ−66.801∘=cos⁡−1(0.72217)\theta - 66.801^\circ = \cos^{-1}(0.72217)
θ−66.801∘=±43.765∘\theta - 66.801^\circ = \pm 43.765^\circ
θ=66.801∘+43.765∘ or 66.801∘−43.765∘\theta = 66.801^\circ + 43.765^\circ \text{ or } 66.801^\circ - 43.765^\circ
θ=110.566∘ or 23.036∘\theta = 110.566^\circ \text{ or } 23.036^\circ
Since 0∘≤θ≤90∘0^\circ \le \theta \le 90^\circ, we reject 110.566∘110.566^\circ.
θ≈23.0∘ (to 1 d.p.)\theta \approx 23.0^\circ \text{ (to 1 d.p.)}

Answer

23.0∘23.0^\circ

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