a⊗b={b,a,a⩾ba<bf(x)=3−x⊗3xa\otimes b=\begin{cases} b, \\ a, \\ \end{cases}\begin{matrix} a\geqslant b \\ a < b \\ \end{matrix}f\left( x \right)={{3}^{-x}}\otimes {{3}^{x}} ___。

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Worked solution

1. 根据新定义运算,对自变量 $x$ 范围进行分类讨论,比较 $3^{-x}$ 与 $3^x$ 的大小关系

由运算定义 a⊗b={b,a⩾ba,a<ba \otimes b = \begin{cases} b, & a \geqslant b \\ a, & a < b \end{cases} 可知,当 3−x⩾3x3^{-x} \geqslant 3^x 时,有 −x⩾x-x \geqslant x,解得 x⩽0x \leqslant 0;
当 3−x<3x3^{-x} < 3^x 时,有 −x<x-x < x,解得 x>0x > 0。

2. 将函数 $f(x)$ 表示为分段函数形式

结合分类讨论结果,函数 f(x)f(x) 可表示为:
f(x)={3x,x⩽03−x,x>0f(x) = \begin{cases} 3^x, & x \leqslant 0 \\ 3^{-x}, & x > 0 \end{cases}

3. 利用指数函数的单调性分别求出各段函数的值域,进而求得整体值域

当 x⩽0x \leqslant 0 时,f(x)=3xf(x) = 3^x,因为指数函数 y=3xy=3^x 在 R\mathbb{R} 上单调递增,所以 0<3x⩽30=10 < 3^x \leqslant 3^0 = 1,此时值域为 (0,1](0, 1];
当 x>0x > 0 时,f(x)=3−x=(13)xf(x) = 3^{-x} = \left(\dfrac{1}{3}\right)^x,因为函数 y=(13)xy=\left(\dfrac{1}{3}\right)^x 在 R\mathbb{R} 上单调递减,所以 0<(13)x<(13)0=10 < \left(\dfrac{1}{3}\right)^x < \left(\dfrac{1}{3}\right)^0 = 1,此时值域为 (0,1)(0, 1);
求两部分值域的并集,可得 f(x)f(x) 的值域为 (0,1](0, 1]。

Answer

(0,1](0,1]

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