Two events and are such that and . It is given that .
- (a)
Find the value of .
- (b)
Explain whether the events and are independent.
The events and are such that , and .
- (c)
Find the value of that gives the minimum value of and state the minimum value of .
- (c)
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Worked solution
6(a)
1. Express $P(A \cap B)$ in terms of $p$ using the conditional probability formula.
2. Form an equation in terms of $p$ using the addition rule.
3. Solve the linear equation to find $p$.
6(b)
1. Use the value of $p$ from part (a) to find $P(A)$, $P(B)$, and $P(A \cap B)$.
From part (a), .
2. Calculate $P(A' \cap B)$ and $P(A')P(B)$ to test for independence.
Since , the events and are not independent.
Since , the events and are not independent.
6[2](c)
1. Establish the maximum possible value for $q$ using the probability of $A$ found in part (a).
From part (a), we calculated .
The intersection of two events is a subset of each individual event, so its probability cannot exceed the probability of either event. Therefore, .
Given , we have:
2. Express the probability of the union of $C$ and $D$ in terms of $q$.
Using the addition rule of probability for events and :
Substitute the given values , , and :
3. Relate $P(A \cup C \cup D)$ to $P(C \cup D)$ to find the minimum value.
Since the union of and is a subset of the union of , , and (i.e., ), its probability provides a lower bound:
To find the minimum possible value for , we must subtract the largest possible value of . Substituting the maximum value :
This minimum is achieved when .
Minimum
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