It is given that f′′(x)=e−12x+5(5x−9)2f''(x) = e^{-\tfrac{1}{2}x} + \dfrac{5}{(5x-9)^2}. Given that the x-axis is a tangent to the curve y=f(x)y = f(x) at the point where x=2x = 2,

  1. ((i))

    find an expression for f′(x)f'(x).

  2. ((ii))

    hence find an expression for f(x).f(x).

  3. ((iii))

    explain whether the gradient of the curve f(x)f(x) is an increasing or decreasing function for x>95.x > \frac{9}{5}.

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Worked solution

5((i))

1. Integrate $f''(x)$ to get the general form of $f'(x)$.

f′(x)=∫(e−12x+5(5x−9)2) dx=−2e−12x−15x−9+C.\begin{aligned} f'(x)&=\int \left(e^{-\frac12x}+\frac{5}{(5x-9)^2}\right)\,dx \\ &=-2e^{-\frac12x}-\frac{1}{5x-9}+C. \end{aligned}

2. Use the tangent condition to find the constant of integration.

Since the xx-axis is tangent to the curve at x=2x=2, the gradient at that point is 00.

So f′(2)=0f'(2)=0.

0=−2e−1−15(2)−9+C0=−2e−1+CC=1+2e.\begin{aligned} 0&=-2e^{-1}-\frac{1}{5(2)-9}+C \\ 0&=-\frac{2}{e}-1+C \\ C&=1+\frac{2}{e}. \end{aligned}
Answer

f′(x)=−2e−12x−15x−9+1+2ef'(x)=-2e^{-\frac12x}-\frac{1}{5x-9}+1+\frac{2}{e}

5((ii))

1. Integrate $f'(x)$ to obtain the general form of $f(x)$.

From part (i),
f′(x)=−2e−12x−15x−9+1+2e.f'(x)=-2e^{-\frac12x}-\frac{1}{5x-9}+1+\frac2e.
Integrating,
f(x)=4e−12x−15ln⁡(5x−9)+(1+2e)x+C.f(x)=4e^{-\frac12x}-\frac15\ln(5x-9)+\left(1+\frac2e\right)x+C.

2. Use the tangent-to-x-axis condition to find the constant.

Since the x-axis is tangent to the curve at x=2x=2, the point of contact lies on the x-axis. Hence
f(2)=0.f(2)=0.
Substitute x=2x=2:
0=4e−1−15ln⁡(1)+(1+2e)(2)+C.0=4e^{-1}-\frac15\ln(1)+\left(1+\frac2e\right)(2)+C.
Since ln⁡(1)=0\ln(1)=0,
0=4e+2+4e+C0=\frac4e+2+\frac4e+C
C=−2−8e.C=-2-\frac8e.

Answer

f(x)=4e−12x−15ln⁡(5x−9)+(1+2e)x−2−8ef(x)=4e^{-\frac12x}-\frac15\ln(5x-9)+\left(1+\frac2e\right)x-2-\frac8e

5((iii))

1. Relate the gradient function to the second derivative.

The gradient of the curve y=f(x)y=f(x) is f′(x)f'(x). To decide whether this gradient is increasing or decreasing, consider f′′(x).f''(x).

2. Determine the sign of $f''(x)$ for the given interval and conclude.

For x>95x>\dfrac95, we have 5x−9>05x-9>0, so (5x−9)2>0(5x-9)^2>0. Also, e−12x>0.e^{-\frac12x}>0. Hence f′′(x)=e−12x+5(5x−9)2>0.f''(x)=e^{-\frac12x}+\frac{5}{(5x-9)^2}>0. Therefore f′(x)f'(x) is increasing, so the gradient of the curve is an increasing function.

Answer

For x>95x>\dfrac95, f′′(x)=e−12x+5(5x−9)2>0.f''(x)=e^{-\frac12x}+\frac{5}{(5x-9)^2}>0. Hence f′(x)f'(x), the gradient of the curve, is an increasing function.

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