In the following sequence, (1×2)−2=0(1\times2)-2=0 (2×3)−4=2(2\times3)-4=2 (3×4)−6=6(3\times4)-6=6 (4×5)−8=12(4\times5)-8=12 ... (a×12)−b=c(a\times12)-b=c ... (d×e)−f=g(d\times e)-f=g

  1. (a)

    Find the values of a, b and c.

    Answer a =..., b = ..., c =...

  2. (b)

    Express g in terms of d.

    Answer ...

  3. (c)

    Explain why 279 cannot be the result of an equation in this sequence.

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Worked solution

18(a)

1. Identify the row pattern and find $a$.

The terms follow the pattern
(1×2)−2, (2×3)−4, (3×4)−6,…(1\times2)-2,\ (2\times3)-4,\ (3\times4)-6,\ldots
The second factor is always one more than the first factor.

Since the term is (a×12)−b=c(a\times12)-b=c, we have
a+1=12a+1=12
a=11.a=11.

2. Find $b$ and $c$ using the sequence pattern.

The number subtracted is twice the first factor:
2,4,6,8,…2,4,6,8,\ldots
So when a=11a=11,
b=2×11=22.b=2\times 11=22.
Then
c=(11×12)−22c=(11\times12)-22
c=132−22=110.c=132-22=110.

Answer

a=11, b=22, c=110a=11,\ b=22,\ c=110

18(b)

1. Express the other entries in the row in terms of $d$.

From the sequence,

(1×2)−2,(2×3)−4,(3×4)−6,…(1\times2)-2, \quad (2\times3)-4, \quad (3\times4)-6,\ldots

When the first number is dd, the next number is d+1d+1 and the number subtracted is 2d2d.

So in (d×e)−f=g,(d\times e)-f=g,
e=d+1,f=2d.e=d+1,\quad f=2d.

2. Form and simplify the expression for $g$.

g=d(d+1)−2dg=d(d+1)-2d
=d2+d−2d=d^2+d-2d
=d2−d=d^2-d

Answer

g=d(d+1)−2d=d2−dg=d(d+1)-2d=d^2-d

18(c)

1. Use the general expression for a result in the sequence and compare with 279.

From part (b),
g=d2−d=d(d−1).g=d^2-d=d(d-1).
So any result in the sequence must be a product of two consecutive integers.

Near 279279,
16×17=272,16\times17=272,
17×18=306.17\times18=306.
Since 279279 lies between 272272 and 306306, it is not equal to any product of two consecutive integers. Therefore, 279279 cannot be the result of an equation in this sequence.

Answer

Since g=d2−d=d(d−1)g=d^2-d=d(d-1), the result must be the product of two consecutive integers. But 279279 is not a product of two consecutive integers, since 16×17=27216\times17=272 and 17×18=30617\times18=306. Hence 279279 cannot be a result in the sequence.

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