Leroy has written down four numbers. The mean of these numbers is 2x+y2x + y, the median is x+yx + y and the mode is x−yx - y, where xx and yy are constants and x>yx > y. Find the four numbers in terms of xx and yy. Answer ... , ... , ... , ...

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Worked solution

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1. Determine the first two numbers using the mode and median.

Let the four numbers be a≤b≤c≤da \le b \le c \le d.
The mode is x−yx - y. Since x>yx > y, the mode x−yx - y is strictly less than the median x+yx + y.
For the median to be greater than the mode, the mode must appear exactly twice and be the two smallest numbers.
Therefore, a=x−ya = x - y and b=x−yb = x - y.

2. Find the third number using the median.

The median of four numbers is the average of the 2nd and 3rd numbers.
b+c2=x+y\frac{b + c}{2} = x + y
(x−y)+c2=x+y\frac{(x - y) + c}{2} = x + y
x−y+c=2x+2yx - y + c = 2x + 2y
c=x+3yc = x + 3y

3. Find the fourth number using the mean.

The mean of the four numbers is 2x+y2x + y, so their sum is 4(2x+y)=8x+4y4(2x + y) = 8x + 4y.
a+b+c+d=8x+4ya + b + c + d = 8x + 4y
(x−y)+(x−y)+(x+3y)+d=8x+4y(x - y) + (x - y) + (x + 3y) + d = 8x + 4y
3x+y+d=8x+4y3x + y + d = 8x + 4y
d=5x+3yd = 5x + 3y

4. State the four numbers.

The four numbers are x−yx - y, x−yx - y, x+3yx + 3y, and 5x+3y5x + 3y.

Answer

x−yx - y, x−yx - y, x+3yx + 3y, 5x+3y5x + 3y

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