Here are the first four terms of a sequence. 1351010715420\displaystyle \frac{13}{5}\quad \frac{10}{10}\quad \frac{7}{15}\quad \frac{4}{20}

  1. (a)

    Find the fifth term of the sequence.

    Answer ...

  2. (b)

    TnT_n is the nnth term of the sequence.

    Find an expression, in terms of nn, for TnT_n.

    Answer Tn=T_n = ...

  3. (c)

    The difference between the two consecutive terms of the sequence is Tn+1−TnT_{n+1}-T_n.

    Show that

    Tn+1−Tn=−165n(n+1)\displaystyle T_{n+1}-T_n = \frac{-16}{5n(n+1)}.

    Answer

  4. (d)

    Explain why the difference between the two consecutive terms of the sequence is always negative.

    Answer...

    ...

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Worked solution

(a)

1. 根据已知前4项分子与分母的递变规律,求第5项

观察数列的分母与分子:
分子依次为:13,10,7,413, 10, 7, 4,每次减 33,因此第 55 项的分子为 4−3=14 - 3 = 1;
分母依次为:5,10,15,205, 10, 15, 20,每次加 55,因此第 55 项的分母为 20+5=2520 + 5 = 25。
所以第 55 项为 125\frac{1}{25}。

Answer

125\frac{1}{25}

(b)

1. 分别求出分子与分母关于 $n$ 的通项公式,并组装成 $T_n$

分子为首项 a=13a = 13、公差 d=−3d = -3 的等差数列:
分子 =13+(n−1)(−3)=16−3n= 13 + (n - 1)(-3) = 16 - 3n

分母为首项 55、公差 55 的等差数列:
分母 =5n= 5n

因此第 nn 项表达式为:
Tn=16−3n5nT_n = \frac{16 - 3n}{5n}

Answer

Tn=16−3n5nT_n = \frac{16-3n}{5n}

(c)

1. 写出 $T_{n+1}$ 的表达式并进行分式减法通分化简

由 (b) 可知 Tn=16−3n5nT_n = \frac{16-3n}{5n},将 nn 替换为 n+1n+1 得:
Tn+1=16−3(n+1)5(n+1)=13−3n5(n+1)T_{n+1} = \frac{16 - 3(n+1)}{5(n+1)} = \frac{13 - 3n}{5(n+1)}

计算相邻项之差:
Tn+1−Tn=13−3n5(n+1)−16−3n5nT_{n+1} - T_n = \frac{13 - 3n}{5(n+1)} - \frac{16 - 3n}{5n}
通分,公分母为 5n(n+1)5n(n+1):
Tn+1−Tn=n(13−3n)−(n+1)(16−3n)5n(n+1)T_{n+1} - T_n = \frac{n(13 - 3n) - (n+1)(16 - 3n)}{5n(n+1)}
=(13n−3n2)−(16n−3n2+16−3n)5n(n+1)= \frac{(13n - 3n^2) - (16n - 3n^2 + 16 - 3n)}{5n(n+1)}
=13n−3n2−(13n−3n2+16)5n(n+1)=−165n(n+1)= \frac{13n - 3n^2 - (13n - 3n^2 + 16)}{5n(n+1)} = \frac{-16}{5n(n+1)}

Answer

已证明:Tn+1−Tn=−165n(n+1)T_{n+1}-T_n = \frac{-16}{5n(n+1)}

(d)

1. 根据符号性质说明差值表达式恒为负数

对于数列的项数 nn,nn 是正整数(即 n≥1n \ge 1)。
因此,n>0n > 0 且 n+1>0n + 1 > 0,可得分母 5n(n+1)>05n(n+1) > 0。
又因为分子 −16<0-16 < 0 为负常数,根据“负数除以正数得负数”,差值 −165n(n+1)\frac{-16}{5n(n+1)} 恒小于 00。

Answer

因为 nn 是正整数(n≥1n \ge 1),所以 nn 和 n+1n+1 均为正数,分母 5n(n+1)5n(n+1) 恒大于 00;而分子 −16-16 恒小于 00。负数除以正数恒为负数,因此相邻项之差总是负数。

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