Leroy has written down four numbers. The mean of these numbers is 2x+y2x + y, the median is x+yx + y and the mode is x−yx - y, where xx and yy are constants and $x > y. Find the four numbers in terms of xx and yy. Answer ... , ... , ... , ...

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Worked solution

1. 利用众数和中位数的定义确定前两个数

设这四个数按从小到大的顺序排列为 a≤b≤c≤da \le b \le c \le d。
由于众数为 x−yx - y,且中位数为 x+yx + y,故至少有两个数等于众数。由于中位数大于众数,因此最小的两个数必须等于众数,即:
a=x−y,b=x−ya = x - y,\quad b = x - y

2. 利用中位数求出第三个数 $c$

根据中位数的定义,四个数的中位数为中间两数的平均数:
b+c2=x+y\frac{b + c}{2} = x + y
代入 b=x−yb = x - y 得:
(x−y)+c2=x+y  ⟹  (x−y)+c=2x+2y  ⟹  c=x+3y\frac{(x - y) + c}{2} = x + y \implies (x - y) + c = 2x + 2y \implies c = x + 3y

3. 利用平均数求出第四个数 $d$

由四个数的平均数为 2x+y2x + y,可得四个数的总和为:
总和=4(2x+y)=8x+4y\text{总和} = 4(2x + y) = 8x + 4y
因此,第四个数 dd 为:
d=(8x+4y)−a−b−c=(8x+4y)−(x−y)−(x−y)−(x+3y)=5x+3yd = (8x + 4y) - a - b - c = (8x + 4y) - (x - y) - (x - y) - (x + 3y) = 5x + 3y
综上所述,这四个数分别为 x−y,x−y,x+3y,5x+3yx - y, x - y, x + 3y, 5x + 3y。

Answer

x−y,x−y,x+3y,5x+3yx - y, x - y, x + 3y, 5x + 3y

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