Given that the function f(x)=1+2sin⁡23x+4cos⁡23x\text{f}(x) = 1 + 2\sin^2 3x + 4\cos^2 3x,

  1. (i)

    Express f(x)\text{f}(x) in the form a+bcos⁡6xa + b\cos 6x.

  2. (ii)

    Hence, find the exact value of f(x)=3.5\text{f}(x) = 3.5 for 0≤x≤π20 \le x \le \frac{\pi}{2}.

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Worked solution

3(i)

1. Simplify the expression using the Pythagorean identity $\sin^2 A + \cos^2 A = 1$.

f(x)=1+2sin⁡23x+4cos⁡23x=1+2(sin⁡23x+cos⁡23x)+2cos⁡23x=1+2(1)+2cos⁡23x=3+2cos⁡23x\begin{aligned} \text{f}(x) &= 1 + 2\sin^2 3x + 4\cos^2 3x \\ &= 1 + 2(\sin^2 3x + \cos^2 3x) + 2\cos^2 3x \\ &= 1 + 2(1) + 2\cos^2 3x \\ &= 3 + 2\cos^2 3x \end{aligned}

2. Apply the double angle formula to express in terms of $\cos 6x$.

Using cos⁡2A=2cos⁡2A−1\cos 2A = 2\cos^2 A - 1, we have 2cos⁡23x=cos⁡6x+12\cos^2 3x = \cos 6x + 1.
f(x)=3+(cos⁡6x+1)=4+cos⁡6x\begin{aligned} \text{f}(x) &= 3 + (\cos 6x + 1) \\ &= 4 + \cos 6x \end{aligned}

Answer

4+cos⁡6x4 + \cos 6x

3(ii)

1. Express $\text{f}(x)$ in the form $a + b\cos 6x$ (from part i)

f(x)=1+2sin⁡23x+4cos⁡23x\text{f}(x) = 1 + 2\sin^2 3x + 4\cos^2 3x
=1+2(sin⁡23x+cos⁡23x)+2cos⁡23x= 1 + 2(\sin^2 3x + \cos^2 3x) + 2\cos^2 3x
=1+2(1)+(cos⁡6x+1)= 1 + 2(1) + (\cos 6x + 1)
=4+cos⁡6x= 4 + \cos 6x

2. Set up the equation $\text{f}(x) = 3.5$ and find the basic angle

4+cos⁡6x=3.54 + \cos 6x = 3.5
cos⁡6x=−0.5\cos 6x = -0.5
Basic angle α=cos⁡−1(0.5)=π3\alpha = \cos^{-1}(0.5) = \frac{\pi}{3}

3. Find all possible values of $x$ in the given domain

Given 0≤x≤π20 \le x \le \frac{\pi}{2}, the domain for 6x6x is 0≤6x≤3π0 \le 6x \le 3\pi.
Since cos⁡6x\cos 6x is negative, 6x6x lies in the 2nd and 3rd quadrants.
6x=π−π3,π+π3,3π−π36x = \pi - \frac{\pi}{3}, \pi + \frac{\pi}{3}, 3\pi - \frac{\pi}{3}
6x=2π3,4π3,8π36x = \frac{2\pi}{3}, \frac{4\pi}{3}, \frac{8\pi}{3}
x=π9,2π9,4π9x = \frac{\pi}{9}, \frac{2\pi}{9}, \frac{4\pi}{9}

Answer

x=π9,2π9,4π9x = \frac{\pi}{9}, \frac{2\pi}{9}, \frac{4\pi}{9}

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