It is given that f(x)=ax3+bx2+cx+df(x)=ax^3+bx^2+cx+d, where aa, bb, cc and dd are constants. The curve CC with equation y=f(x)y=f(x) passes through (0,−1)(0,-1) and has a maximum point at (−1,1)(-1,1). The area bounded by CC, the xx-axis and the lines x=2x=2 and x=3x=3 is 314\frac{31}{4} units2^2. Given that f(x)>0f(x)>0 for 2<x<32<x<3, find the values of aa, bb, cc and $d.

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Worked solution

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1. Find the value of $d$ using the given $y$-intercept.

The curve passes through (0,−1)(0, -1).
f(0)=a(0)3+b(0)2+c(0)+d=−1f(0) = a(0)^3 + b(0)^2 + c(0) + d = -1
  ⟹  d=−1\implies d = -1

2. Form an equation using the coordinates of the maximum point.

The curve passes through (−1,1)(-1, 1).
f(−1)=a(−1)3+b(−1)2+c(−1)−1=1f(-1) = a(-1)^3 + b(-1)^2 + c(-1) - 1 = 1
−a+b−c=2— (1)-a + b - c = 2 \quad \text{--- (1)}

3. Form a second equation using the property of a stationary point.

Since (−1,1)(-1, 1) is a maximum point, f′(−1)=0f'(-1) = 0.
f′(x)=3ax2+2bx+cf'(x) = 3ax^2 + 2bx + c
f′(−1)=3a(−1)2+2b(−1)+c=0f'(-1) = 3a(-1)^2 + 2b(-1) + c = 0
3a−2b+c=0— (2)3a - 2b + c = 0 \quad \text{--- (2)}

4. Form a third equation using the given area under the curve.

Since f(x)>0f(x) > 0 for 2<x<32 < x < 3, the area is given by the definite integral:
∫23(ax3+bx2+cx−1) dx=314\int_2^3 (ax^3 + bx^2 + cx - 1) \, dx = \frac{31}{4}
[a4x4+b3x3+c2x2−x]23=314\left[ \frac{a}{4}x^4 + \frac{b}{3}x^3 + \frac{c}{2}x^2 - x \right]_2^3 = \frac{31}{4}
(814a+9b+92c−3)−(4a+83b+2c−2)=314\left( \frac{81}{4}a + 9b + \frac{9}{2}c - 3 \right) - \left( 4a + \frac{8}{3}b + 2c - 2 \right) = \frac{31}{4}
654a+193b+52c−1=314\frac{65}{4}a + \frac{19}{3}b + \frac{5}{2}c - 1 = \frac{31}{4}
654a+193b+52c=354\frac{65}{4}a + \frac{19}{3}b + \frac{5}{2}c = \frac{35}{4}
Multiplying by 12 gives:
195a+76b+30c=105— (3)195a + 76b + 30c = 105 \quad \text{--- (3)}

5. Solve the system of linear equations to find $a, b$, and $c$.

From (1) and (2):
(1)+(2):2a−b=2  ⟹  b=2a−2(1) + (2): 2a - b = 2 \implies b = 2a - 2
Substitute bb into (2):
3a−2(2a−2)+c=0  ⟹  c=a−43a - 2(2a - 2) + c = 0 \implies c = a - 4
Substitute bb and cc into (3):
195a+76(2a−2)+30(a−4)=105195a + 76(2a - 2) + 30(a - 4) = 105
195a+152a−152+30a−120=105195a + 152a - 152 + 30a - 120 = 105
377a−272=105  ⟹  377a=377  ⟹  a=1377a - 272 = 105 \implies 377a = 377 \implies a = 1
Then b=2(1)−2=0b = 2(1) - 2 = 0 and c=1−4=−3c = 1 - 4 = -3.

(Alternatively, a graphing calculator can be used to solve the linear system formed by (1), (2), and (3) directly.)

Answer

a=1a = 1, b=0b = 0, c=−3c = -3, d=−1d = -1

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