The point AA has coordinates (1.5,0,2)(1.5, 0, 2), and the planes π1\pi_1 and π2\pi_2 have equations x+y=4x + y = 4 and 3x+2y−5z=73x + 2y - 5z = 7 respectively.

  1. (a)

    π1\pi_1 and π2\pi_2 intersect in a line ll. Find a vector equation of ll.

  2. (b)

    Find the coordinates of the foot of perpendicular from AA to π1\pi_1.

  3. (7)

    [Continued]

    1. (c)

      Nathan decides that, to assist him in his everyday expenses, he will withdraw the interest as soon as it has been added. With this decision, he deposits $Y at the beginning of each month. Show that, at the end of NN months, he will have received a total of $kYN(N + 1) in interest, where kk is an exact constant to be determined.

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Worked solution

6(a)

1. Find the direction vector of the line of intersection by taking the cross product of the normal vectors of the two planes.

Let the normal vectors to π1\pi_1 and π2\pi_2 be n1\mathbf{n}_1 and n2\mathbf{n}_2 respectively.
n1=(110)\mathbf{n}_1 = \begin{pmatrix} 1 \\ 1 \\ 0 \end{pmatrix}, n2=(32−5)\mathbf{n}_2 = \begin{pmatrix} 3 \\ 2 \\ -5 \end{pmatrix}

The direction vector d\mathbf{d} of the line ll is orthogonal to both normal vectors, so d=n1×n2\mathbf{d} = \mathbf{n}_1 \times \mathbf{n}_2.

d=(110)×(32−5)=((1)(−5)−(0)(2)(0)(3)−(1)(−5)(1)(2)−(1)(3))=(−55−1)\mathbf{d} = \begin{pmatrix} 1 \\ 1 \\ 0 \end{pmatrix} \times \begin{pmatrix} 3 \\ 2 \\ -5 \end{pmatrix} = \begin{pmatrix} (1)(-5) - (0)(2) \\ (0)(3) - (1)(-5) \\ (1)(2) - (1)(3) \end{pmatrix} = \begin{pmatrix} -5 \\ 5 \\ -1 \end{pmatrix}

2. Find a point on the line of intersection by setting $z=0$ and solving the resulting linear system.

Let z=0z = 0. The equations of the planes become:
x+y=4— (1)x + y = 4 \quad \text{--- (1)}
3x+2y=7— (2)3x + 2y = 7 \quad \text{--- (2)}

From (1), y=4−xy = 4 - x. Substituting this into (2):
3x+2(4−x)=73x + 2(4 - x) = 7
3x+8−2x=73x + 8 - 2x = 7
x=−1x = -1

Substitute x=−1x = -1 back into y=4−xy = 4 - x:
y=4−(−1)=5y = 4 - (-1) = 5

Therefore, a point on the line ll is (−1,5,0)(-1, 5, 0).

3. State the vector equation of the line $l$.

Using the position vector of the point (−1,5,0)(-1, 5, 0) and the direction vector (−55−1)\begin{pmatrix} -5 \\ 5 \\ -1 \end{pmatrix}:

r=(−150)+λ(−55−1),λ∈R\mathbf{r} = \begin{pmatrix} -1 \\ 5 \\ 0 \end{pmatrix} + \lambda \begin{pmatrix} -5 \\ 5 \\ -1 \end{pmatrix}, \lambda \in \mathbb{R}

Answer

r=(−150)+λ(−55−1),λ∈R\mathbf{r} = \begin{pmatrix} -1 \\ 5 \\ 0 \end{pmatrix} + \lambda \begin{pmatrix} -5 \\ 5 \\ -1 \end{pmatrix}, \lambda \in \mathbb{R}

6(b)

1. Formulate the vector equation of the line passing through $A$ and perpendicular to $\pi_1$.

The normal vector to the plane π1:x+y=4\pi_1: x + y = 4 is n=(110)\mathbf{n} = \begin{pmatrix} 1 \\ 1 \\ 0 \end{pmatrix}.

The line passing through A(1.5,0,2)A(1.5, 0, 2) and perpendicular to π1\pi_1 is:
l:r=(1.502)+λ(110), for λ∈Rl: \mathbf{r} = \begin{pmatrix} 1.5 \\ 0 \\ 2 \end{pmatrix} + \lambda \begin{pmatrix} 1 \\ 1 \\ 0 \end{pmatrix}, \text{ for } \lambda \in \mathbb{R}

2. Substitute the line equation into the equation of $\pi_1$ to solve for the parameter $\lambda$.

Since the foot of the perpendicular lies on π1\pi_1, its coordinates must satisfy x+y=4x + y = 4.
(1.5+λ)+(0+λ)=4(1.5 + \lambda) + (0 + \lambda) = 4
1.5+2λ=41.5 + 2\lambda = 4
2λ=2.5  ⟹  λ=1.252\lambda = 2.5 \implies \lambda = 1.25

3. Calculate the position vector and hence coordinates of the foot of the perpendicular.

Substitute λ=1.25\lambda = 1.25 back into the line equation:
OF⃗=(1.502)+1.25(110)=(2.751.252)\vec{OF} = \begin{pmatrix} 1.5 \\ 0 \\ 2 \end{pmatrix} + 1.25 \begin{pmatrix} 1 \\ 1 \\ 0 \end{pmatrix} = \begin{pmatrix} 2.75 \\ 1.25 \\ 2 \end{pmatrix}

The coordinates of the foot of the perpendicular are (2.75,1.25,2)(2.75, 1.25, 2).

Answer

(2.75,1.25,2)(2.75, 1.25, 2)

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