The region RR is bounded by the curve with equation y=xln⁡xy = x \ln x, the lines x=ex = \text{e}, x=e2x = \text{e}^2 and the xx-axis. Find the exact volume of the solid formed when RR is rotated about the xx-axis by 2π2\pi radians. Give your answer in the form πe327(ae3+b)\frac{\pi \text{e}^3}{27} (a \text{e}^3 + b), where aa and bb are integers to be found.

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Worked solution

4

1. Set up the volume integral representing the solid of revolution.

V=π∫ee2y2 dx=π∫ee2(xln⁡x)2 dx=π∫ee2x2(ln⁡x)2 dxV = \pi \int_{\text{e}}^{\text{e}^2} y^2 \,\mathrm{d}x = \pi \int_{\text{e}}^{\text{e}^2} (x \ln x)^2 \,\mathrm{d}x = \pi \int_{\text{e}}^{\text{e}^2} x^2 (\ln x)^2 \,\mathrm{d}x

2. Apply integration by parts to the integral $\int x^2 (\ln x)^2 \,\mathrm{d}x$.

Let u=(ln⁡x)2u = (\ln x)^2 and dvdx=x2\frac{\mathrm{d}v}{\mathrm{d}x} = x^2.
Then dudx=2(ln⁡x)(1x)\frac{\mathrm{d}u}{\mathrm{d}x} = 2(\ln x)\left(\frac{1}{x}\right) and v=x33v = \frac{x^3}{3}.

∫x2(ln⁡x)2 dx=x33(ln⁡x)2−∫x33⋅2ln⁡xx dx\int x^2 (\ln x)^2 \,\mathrm{d}x = \frac{x^3}{3}(\ln x)^2 - \int \frac{x^3}{3} \cdot \frac{2\ln x}{x} \,\mathrm{d}x
=x33(ln⁡x)2−23∫x2ln⁡x dx= \frac{x^3}{3}(\ln x)^2 - \frac{2}{3} \int x^2 \ln x \,\mathrm{d}x

3. Apply integration by parts a second time to evaluate $\int x^2 \ln x \,\mathrm{d}x$ and obtain the full indefinite integral.

For ∫x2ln⁡x dx\int x^2 \ln x \,\mathrm{d}x, let u1=ln⁡xu_1 = \ln x and dv1dx=x2\frac{\mathrm{d}v_1}{\mathrm{d}x} = x^2.
Then du1dx=1x\frac{\mathrm{d}u_1}{\mathrm{d}x} = \frac{1}{x} and v1=x33v_1 = \frac{x^3}{3}.

∫x2ln⁡x dx=x33ln⁡x−∫x33⋅1x dx\int x^2 \ln x \,\mathrm{d}x = \frac{x^3}{3}\ln x - \int \frac{x^3}{3} \cdot \frac{1}{x} \,\mathrm{d}x
=x33ln⁡x−∫x23 dx=x33ln⁡x−x39= \frac{x^3}{3}\ln x - \int \frac{x^2}{3} \,\mathrm{d}x = \frac{x^3}{3}\ln x - \frac{x^3}{9}

Substituting this back into the expression from Step 2:
∫x2(ln⁡x)2 dx=x33(ln⁡x)2−23(x33ln⁡x−x39)\int x^2 (\ln x)^2 \,\mathrm{d}x = \frac{x^3}{3}(\ln x)^2 - \frac{2}{3} \left( \frac{x^3}{3}\ln x - \frac{x^3}{9} \right)
=x33(ln⁡x)2−2x39ln⁡x+2x327= \frac{x^3}{3}(\ln x)^2 - \frac{2x^3}{9}\ln x + \frac{2x^3}{27}

4. Substitute the limits $x = \text{e}^2$ and $x = \text{e}$ to evaluate the definite integral.

Upper limit (x=e2x = \text{e}^2):
(e2)33(ln⁡e2)2−2(e2)39ln⁡e2+2(e2)327\frac{(\text{e}^2)^3}{3}(\ln \text{e}^2)^2 - \frac{2(\text{e}^2)^3}{9}\ln \text{e}^2 + \frac{2(\text{e}^2)^3}{27}
=e6(13(2)2−29(2)+227)= \text{e}^6 \left( \frac{1}{3}(2)^2 - \frac{2}{9}(2) + \frac{2}{27} \right)
=e6(36−12+227)=2627e6= \text{e}^6 \left( \frac{36 - 12 + 2}{27} \right) = \frac{26}{27}\text{e}^6

Lower limit (x=ex = \text{e}):
e33(ln⁡e)2−2e39ln⁡e+2e327\frac{\text{e}^3}{3}(\ln \text{e})^2 - \frac{2\text{e}^3}{9}\ln \text{e} + \frac{2\text{e}^3}{27}
=e3(13(1)2−29(1)+227)= \text{e}^3 \left( \frac{1}{3}(1)^2 - \frac{2}{9}(1) + \frac{2}{27} \right)
=e3(9−6+227)=527e3= \text{e}^3 \left( \frac{9 - 6 + 2}{27} \right) = \frac{5}{27}\text{e}^3

Subtracting the values:
V=π(2627e6−527e3)V = \pi \left( \frac{26}{27}\text{e}^6 - \frac{5}{27}\text{e}^3 \right)

5. Factorise the volume expression into the required form to identify $a$ and $b$.

V=πe327(26e3−5)V = \frac{\pi \text{e}^3}{27} (26\text{e}^3 - 5)

Comparing this with πe327(ae3+b)\frac{\pi \text{e}^3}{27} (a \text{e}^3 + b), we deduce:
a=26a = 26
b=−5b = -5

Answer

V=πe327(26e3−5)V = \frac{\pi \text{e}^3}{27} (26\text{e}^3 - 5), where a=26a = 26 and b=−5b = -5

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