The diagram shows a parallelogram ABCD. APQ, BRQ, CRS and DPS are straight lines which bisect angles A, B, C and D respectively.

  1. (a)

    Show that angle PAD = angle RCB.

    Answer:

  2. (b)

    Prove that triangles ADP and CBR are congruent.

    Answer:

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Worked solution

15(a)

1. Express the two required angles as halves of the parallelogram angles.

Since APAP bisects ∠DAB\angle DAB,
∠PAD=12∠DAB.\angle PAD=\frac12\angle DAB.
Since CRCR bisects ∠BCD\angle BCD,
∠RCB=12∠BCD.\angle RCB=\frac12\angle BCD.

2. Use the property of opposite angles in a parallelogram to prove the equality.

In parallelogram ABCDABCD, opposite angles are equal, so
∠DAB=∠BCD.\angle DAB=\angle BCD.
Therefore,
12∠DAB=12∠BCD,\frac12\angle DAB=\frac12\angle BCD,
so
∠PAD=∠RCB.\angle PAD=\angle RCB.

Answer

Since APAP bisects ngle DAB, ∠PAD=12∠DAB\angle PAD=\dfrac12\angle DAB.

Since CRCR bisects ∠BCD\angle BCD, ∠RCB=12∠BCD\angle RCB=\dfrac12\angle BCD.

But opposite angles of a parallelogram are equal, so ∠DAB=∠BCD\angle DAB=\angle BCD.

Therefore, ∠PAD=∠RCB\angle PAD=\angle RCB.

15(b)

1. State the first pair of equal corresponding angles using the result from part (a).

From part (a),
∠PAD=∠RCB.\angle PAD=\angle RCB.

2. Prove the second pair of equal corresponding angles using angle bisectors and opposite angles of a parallelogram.

Since DPDP bisects ∠CDA\angle CDA,
∠ADP=12∠CDA.\angle ADP=\dfrac12\angle CDA.
Since BRBR bisects ∠ABC\angle ABC,
∠CBR=12∠ABC.\angle CBR=\dfrac12\angle ABC.
Opposite angles of a parallelogram are equal, so
∠CDA=∠ABC.\angle CDA=\angle ABC.
Therefore,
∠ADP=∠CBR.\angle ADP=\angle CBR.

3. Use the equal side of the parallelogram and conclude congruence by ASA.

In parallelogram ABCDABCD, opposite sides are equal, so
AD=CB.AD=CB.
Thus, in △ADP\triangle ADP and △CBR\triangle CBR,
∠PAD=∠RCB,AD=CB,∠ADP=∠CBR.\angle PAD=\angle RCB,\qquad AD=CB,\qquad \angle ADP=\angle CBR.
Therefore,
△ADP≅△CBR(ASA).\triangle ADP\cong \triangle CBR \quad \text{(ASA)}.

Answer

Since APAP bisects ∠DAB\angle DAB, ∠PAD=12∠DAB\angle PAD=\dfrac12\angle DAB.

Since CRCR bisects ∠BCD\angle BCD, ∠RCB=12∠BCD\angle RCB=\dfrac12\angle BCD.

From part (a), ∠PAD=∠RCB\angle PAD=\angle RCB.

Also, since DPDP bisects ∠CDA\angle CDA and BRBR bisects ∠ABC\angle ABC,
∠ADP=12∠CDA,∠CBR=12∠ABC.\angle ADP=\dfrac12\angle CDA,\qquad \angle CBR=\dfrac12\angle ABC.
Opposite angles of a parallelogram are equal, so ∠CDA=∠ABC\angle CDA=\angle ABC.
Hence ∠ADP=∠CBR\angle ADP=\angle CBR.

In parallelogram ABCDABCD, opposite sides are equal, so AD=CBAD=CB.

Therefore, △ADP≅△CBR\triangle ADP \cong \triangle CBR by ASA.

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