A function f is defined as f(x)=ln⁡(5−x)f(x) = \ln(5-x), x<5x < 5.

  1. (a)

    Find the volume of revolution when the region bounded by the curve of y=f(x)y = f(x) and the x- and y-axes is rotated completely about the y-axis. Give your answer correct to 2 decimal places.

  2. (b)

    State the set of values of xx for which f(∣x∣)=∣f(x)∣f(|x|) = |f(x)|.

    (ii) Evaluate the value of ∫092∣f(x)∣ dx−∫−9209f(∣x∣) dx\displaystyle\int_{0}^{9} 2|f(x)|\,dx - \displaystyle\int_{-\tfrac{9}{2}}^{0} 9 f(|x|)\,dx, giving your answer in the form a+bln⁡2a + b\ln 2, where aa and bb are constants to be determined.

    1. (i)

      State the set of values of xx for which f(∣x∣)=∣f(x)∣f(|x|) = |f(x)|.

    2. (ii)

      Evaluate the value of ∫092∣f(x)∣ dx−∫−9209f(∣x∣) dx\displaystyle\int_{0}^{9} 2|f(x)|\,dx - \displaystyle\int_{-\tfrac{9}{2}}^{0} 9 f(|x|)\,dx, giving your answer in the form a+bln⁡2a + b\ln 2, where aa and bb are constants to be determined.

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Worked solution

5(a)

1. Express $x$ in terms of $y$ and set up the integral for the volume of revolution about the y-axis.

Given the curve y=ln⁡(5−x)y = \ln(5-x):
ey=5−xe^y = 5 - x
x=5−eyx = 5 - e^y

The region is bounded by the x-axis (y=0y=0) and the y-axis. At the y-axis, x=0x=0, which gives the upper limit:
y=ln⁡(5−0)=ln⁡5y = \ln(5 - 0) = \ln 5

The volume VV generated when rotated completely about the y-axis is given by:
V=π∫y1y2x2 dyV = \pi \int_{y_1}^{y_2} x^2 \, dy
V=π∫0ln⁡5(5−ey)2 dyV = \pi \int_{0}^{\ln 5} (5 - e^y)^2 \, dy

2. Evaluate the definite integral using a graphing calculator.

Using a graphing calculator to evaluate the integral:
V≈38.44019V \approx 38.44019
V=38.44 (correct to 2 d.p.)V = 38.44 \text{ (correct to 2 d.p.)}

Answer

38.4438.44

5(b)(i)

1. Analyse the equation for $x \ge 0$ and $x < 0$ to find the valid range

For x≥0x \ge 0, ∣x∣=x|x| = x, so f(∣x∣)=f(x)f(|x|) = f(x).
The equation simplifies to f(x)=∣f(x)∣f(x) = |f(x)|, which is true if and only if f(x)≥0f(x) \ge 0.
ln⁡(5−x)≥0  ⟹  5−x≥1  ⟹  x≤4\ln(5-x) \ge 0 \implies 5-x \ge 1 \implies x \le 4.
Combining with x≥0x \ge 0, we get 0≤x≤40 \le x \le 4.

For x<0x < 0, ∣x∣=−x|x| = -x, so f(∣x∣)=ln⁡(5+x)f(|x|) = \ln(5+x).
Since x<0x < 0, 5−x>5  ⟹  ln⁡(5−x)>ln⁡(5)>05-x > 5 \implies \ln(5-x) > \ln(5) > 0. Thus, ∣f(x)∣=f(x)=ln⁡(5−x)|f(x)| = f(x) = \ln(5-x).
The equation becomes ln⁡(5+x)=ln⁡(5−x)  ⟹  5+x=5−x  ⟹  2x=0  ⟹  x=0\ln(5+x) = \ln(5-x) \implies 5+x = 5-x \implies 2x = 0 \implies x = 0.
Since this does not satisfy x<0x < 0, there are no solutions for x<0x < 0.

Therefore, the set of values is 0≤x≤40 \le x \le 4.

Answer

0≤x≤40 \le x \le 4

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