The graph of a curve CC is a cubic polynomial and it passes through the origin, (2,0)(2,0) and (2.55,−0.0631)(2.55,-0.0631). Given that it has a turning point when x=0.785x = 0.785, find the equation of CC, giving its coefficients correct to 1 decimal place.

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Worked solution

1

1. State the general form of the cubic polynomial.

Let the equation of the cubic curve be y=ax3+bx2+cx+dy = ax^3 + bx^2 + cx + d.
Since the curve passes through the origin (0,0)(0,0), we have:
d=0d = 0
Thus, the equation simplifies to y=ax3+bx2+cxy = ax^3 + bx^2 + cx.

2. Form an equation using the point $(2,0)$.

The curve passes through (2,0)(2,0). Substituting x=2x = 2 and y=0y = 0:
a(2)3+b(2)2+c(2)=0a(2)^3 + b(2)^2 + c(2) = 0
8a+4b+2c=08a + 4b + 2c = 0
Dividing by 2 gives:
4a+2b+c=0— (1)4a + 2b + c = 0 \quad \text{--- (1)}

3. Form an equation using the turning point condition.

The curve has a turning point at x=0.785x = 0.785.
Differentiating yy with respect to xx:
dydx=3ax2+2bx+c\frac{dy}{dx} = 3ax^2 + 2bx + c
At the turning point, dydx=0\frac{dy}{dx} = 0. Substituting x=0.785x = 0.785:
3a(0.785)2+2b(0.785)+c=03a(0.785)^2 + 2b(0.785) + c = 0
1.848675a+1.57b+c=0— (2)1.848675a + 1.57b + c = 0 \quad \text{--- (2)}

4. Form an equation using the point $(2.55, -0.0631)$.

The curve passes through (2.55,−0.0631)(2.55, -0.0631). Substituting x=2.55x = 2.55 and y=−0.0631y = -0.0631:
a(2.55)3+b(2.55)2+c(2.55)=−0.0631a(2.55)^3 + b(2.55)^2 + c(2.55) = -0.0631
16.581375a+6.5025b+2.55c=−0.0631— (3)16.581375a + 6.5025b + 2.55c = -0.0631 \quad \text{--- (3)}

5. Solve the system of equations and write the final rounded polynomial.

Solving the system of linear equations (1), (2), and (3) using a graphing calculator:
a≈0.09930a \approx 0.09930
b≈−0.49681b \approx -0.49681
c≈0.59641c \approx 0.59641

Rounding each coefficient to 1 decimal place:
a=0.1,  b=−0.5,  c=0.6a = 0.1, \; b = -0.5, \; c = 0.6

Therefore, the equation of the curve CC is:
y=0.1x3−0.5x2+0.6xy = 0.1x^3 - 0.5x^2 + 0.6x

Answer

y=0.1x3−0.5x2+0.6xy = 0.1x^3 - 0.5x^2 + 0.6x

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