It is given that xx, yy, zz are the first three terms of a geometric progression. When the three terms are arranged in the order of zz, xx, yy, they form three consecutive terms of an arithmetic progression.

  1. (i)

    Show that (zy)2+(zy)−2=0\left(\dfrac{z}{y}\right)^2 + \left(\dfrac{z}{y}\right) - 2 = 0.

  2. (ii)

    Hence determine if the sum to infinity of the geometric progression exists.

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Worked solution

2(i)

1. Formulate an equation from the given arithmetic progression $z, x, y$.

Since zz, xx, yy are consecutive terms of an arithmetic progression, the common difference is constant:
x−z=y−xx - z = y - x
2x=y+z2x = y + z

2. Formulate an equation from the given geometric progression $x, y, z$.

Since xx, yy, zz are consecutive terms of a geometric progression, the common ratio is constant:
yx=zy\frac{y}{x} = \frac{z}{y}
y2=xzy^2 = xz

3. Substitute the expression for $x$ from the AP equation into the GP equation.

From the AP equation, x=y+z2x = \frac{y + z}{2}. Substituting this into the GP equation gives:
y2=(y+z2)zy^2 = \left(\frac{y + z}{2}\right)z
2y2=yz+z22y^2 = yz + z^2

4. Divide by $y^2$ to obtain the required equation.

Dividing the entire equation by y2y^2 (assuming y≠0y \neq 0):
2=yzy2+z2y22 = \frac{yz}{y^2} + \frac{z^2}{y^2}
2=zy+(zy)22 = \frac{z}{y} + \left(\frac{z}{y}\right)^2
Rearranging the terms yields:
(zy)2+(zy)−2=0(Shown)\left(\frac{z}{y}\right)^2 + \left(\frac{z}{y}\right) - 2 = 0 \quad \text{(Shown)}

Answer

(zy)2+(zy)−2=0\left(\dfrac{z}{y}\right)^2 + \left(\dfrac{z}{y}\right) - 2 = 0 (Shown)

2(ii)

1. Identify the common ratio from the given equation and solve for its possible values.

Let rr be the common ratio of the geometric progression.
Since x,y,zx, y, z are the first three terms of the geometric progression, we have r=yx=zyr = \frac{y}{x} = \frac{z}{y}.

Substituting r=zyr = \frac{z}{y} into the equation from (i):
r2+r−2=0r^2 + r - 2 = 0
(r+2)(r−1)=0(r+2)(r-1) = 0
r=−2orr=1r = -2 \quad \text{or} \quad r = 1

2. Check the values of the common ratio against the condition for the convergence of a geometric series.

For the sum to infinity of a geometric progression to exist, the common ratio rr must satisfy the condition ∣r∣<1|r| < 1 (i.e., −1<r<1-1 < r < 1).

Since ∣−2∣=2≥1|-2| = 2 \ge 1 and ∣1∣=1≥1|1| = 1 \ge 1, neither possible value of rr satisfies this condition.
Therefore, the sum to infinity does not exist.

Answer

The sum to infinity does not exist.

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