State the values between which each of the following must lie

  1. (a)

    the principal value of tan⁡−1x\tan^{-1} x.

  2. (b)

    the principal value of cos⁡−12x\cos^{-1} 2x.

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Worked solution

1(a)

1. State the principal value range for the inverse tangent function

The principal value of tan⁡−1x\tan^{-1} x lies strictly between −π2-\frac{\pi}{2} and π2\frac{\pi}{2} radians (or −90∘-90^\circ and 90∘90^\circ).
−π2<tan⁡−1x<π2-\frac{\pi}{2} < \tan^{-1} x < \frac{\pi}{2}

Answer

−π2<tan⁡−1x<π2-\frac{\pi}{2} < \tan^{-1} x < \frac{\pi}{2}

1(b)

1. State the range of the principal value for the inverse cosine function

The principal value of cos⁡−1(θ)\cos^{-1}(\theta) is defined to lie in the interval [0,π][0, \pi]. The argument 2x2x affects the domain of xx, but the range of the principal value remains the same.
0≤cos⁡−12x≤π0 \le \cos^{-1} 2x \le \pi

Answer

00 and π\pi (or 0∘0^\circ and 180∘180^\circ)

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