Let RR be the region bounded by the curves y=4xy = 4\sqrt{x} and y=x2+1y = x^2 + 1.

  1. ((i))

    Find the area of region RR.

  2. ((ii))

    If the line x=cx = c divides region RR into two equal areas, find the value of cc.

  3. ((iii))

    Find the volume of the solid generated when region RR is rotated through 2π2\pi radians about the yy-axis.

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Worked solution

4((i))

1. Find the $x$-coordinates of the points of intersection using a graphing calculator.

To find the points of intersection, equate the two functions:
4x=x2+14\sqrt{x} = x^2 + 1

Using a graphing calculator, we solve for xx:
x1≈0.062997x_1 \approx 0.062997
x2≈2.230012x_2 \approx 2.230012

2. Set up the definite integral for the area of the bounded region.

The area of the region RR is the integral of the upper curve minus the lower curve between the points of intersection. By observing the graphs on the calculator, y=4xy = 4\sqrt{x} is the upper curve for 0.062997<x<2.2300120.062997 < x < 2.230012.

Area=∫0.0629972.230012(4x−(x2+1)) dx\text{Area} = \int_{0.062997}^{2.230012} \left( 4\sqrt{x} - (x^2 + 1) \right) \,\mathrm{d}x

3. Evaluate the definite integral using a graphing calculator.

Using the graphing calculator's numerical integration function directly on the definite integral:
Area≈2.9749\text{Area} \approx 2.9749
Area=2.97 (to 3 s.f.)\text{Area} = 2.97 \text{ (to 3 s.f.)}

Answer

2.972.97

4((ii))

1. Concisely retrieve the intersection points and total area from part (i).

From part (i), the xx-coordinates of the intersections of y=4xy = 4\sqrt{x} and y=x2+1y = x^2 + 1 are found by solving 4x=x2+14\sqrt{x} = x^2 + 1.
Using a graphing calculator, α≈0.063230\alpha \approx 0.063230 and β≈2.19799\beta \approx 2.19799.
The total area of region RR is:
Area=∫0.0632302.19799(4x−x2−1) dx≈2.9728\text{Area} = \int_{0.063230}^{2.19799} (4\sqrt{x} - x^2 - 1) \,\mathrm{d}x \approx 2.9728

2. Set up the integral equation for the line $x=c$ dividing the area in half.

Since the line x=cx=c divides region RR into two equal areas, the area from x=αx=\alpha to x=cx=c must be half of the total area:
∫0.063230c(4x−x2−1) dx=12(2.9728)\int_{0.063230}^{c} (4\sqrt{x} - x^2 - 1) \,\mathrm{d}x = \frac{1}{2} (2.9728)
∫0.063230c(4x−x2−1) dx≈1.4864\int_{0.063230}^{c} (4\sqrt{x} - x^2 - 1) \,\mathrm{d}x \approx 1.4864

3. Evaluate the integral algebraically and solve for $c$ using a GC.

[83x32−13x3−x]0.063230c=1.4864\left[ \frac{8}{3}x^{\frac{3}{2}} - \frac{1}{3}x^3 - x \right]_{0.063230}^{c} = 1.4864
Evaluating at the limits gives:
(83c32−13c3−c)−(83(0.063230)32−13(0.063230)3−0.063230)=1.4864\left( \frac{8}{3}c^{\frac{3}{2}} - \frac{1}{3}c^3 - c \right) - \left( \frac{8}{3}(0.063230)^{\frac{3}{2}} - \frac{1}{3}(0.063230)^3 - 0.063230 \right) = 1.4864
83c32−13c3−c−(−0.020891)=1.4864\frac{8}{3}c^{\frac{3}{2}} - \frac{1}{3}c^3 - c - (-0.020891) = 1.4864
83c32−13c3−c−1.4655=0\frac{8}{3}c^{\frac{3}{2}} - \frac{1}{3}c^3 - c - 1.4655 = 0
Using a graphing calculator to solve for cc within the interval (0.063,2.198)(0.063, 2.198):
c≈1.066≈1.07 (to 3 s.f.)c \approx 1.066 \approx 1.07 \text{ (to 3 s.f.)}

Answer

c≈1.07c \approx 1.07

4((iii))

1. Find the intersection points and the y-limits of integration

Solve 4x=x2+14\sqrt{x}=x^2+1 (using the GC):
x≈0.0630andx≈2.2301.x \approx 0.0630 \quad\text{and}\quad x \approx 2.2301.
The corresponding yy-values (the limits for integration along the yy-axis) are
y1=40.0630≈1.0040,y2≈5.9734.y_1 = 4\sqrt{0.0630} \approx 1.0040, \qquad y_2 \approx 5.9734.

2. Express the curves as x in terms of y and set up the washer integral

Rearrange each curve to make xx the subject:
y=4x ⇒ x=y216 (inner, smaller x),y=x2+1 ⇒ x=y−1 (outer, larger x).y=4\sqrt{x}\ \Rightarrow\ x=\frac{y^2}{16}\ (\text{inner, smaller }x), \qquad y=x^2+1\ \Rightarrow\ x=\sqrt{y-1}\ (\text{outer, larger }x).
Rotating about the yy-axis gives a washer cross-section, so
V=π∫y1y2[(y−1)2−(y216)2]dy=π∫1.00405.9734[(y−1)−y4256]dy.V=\pi\int_{y_1}^{y_2}\left[\left(\sqrt{y-1}\right)^2-\left(\frac{y^2}{16}\right)^2\right]dy=\pi\int_{1.0040}^{5.9734}\left[(y-1)-\frac{y^4}{256}\right]dy.

3. Evaluate the integral

Using the GC (or by hand with y22−y−y51280\frac{y^2}{2}-y-\frac{y^5}{1280} evaluated between the limits):
V=π∫1.00405.9734[(y−1)−y4256]dy≈π(6.426)≈20.2.V=\pi\int_{1.0040}^{5.9734}\left[(y-1)-\frac{y^4}{256}\right]dy \approx \pi(6.426) \approx 20.2.

Answer

V≈20.2V \approx 20.2 cubic units

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