- (i)
Sketch, on the same diagram, the curves with equations and , stating the equations of the asymptotes.
- (ii)
Hence solve .
- (iii)
Without using a calculator, solve .
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Worked solution
3(i)
1. Determine the features of $y = \ln(x-2)$ and its asymptote.
The curve is a translation of the standard logarithmic curve by units to the right.
Domain: .
Vertical asymptote: .
-intercept: Let .
The -intercept is .
2. Determine the features of $y = \frac{1}{\text{e}^x} + 3$ and its asymptote.
The curve is a standard exponential decay curve shifted upwards by units.
As , , so . Hence, horizontal asymptote is .
-intercept: Let .
The -intercept is .
3. Describe the combined sketch.
Draw the axes, mark the intercepts and , and draw dashed lines for the asymptotes and .
Sketch the logarithmic curve approaching downwards and growing towards the right.
Sketch the exponential curve decaying downwards and approaching asymptotically towards the right.
(Both curves intersect in the first quadrant).
Sketch showing:
- Curve passing through with vertical asymptote .
- Curve passing through with horizontal asymptote .
Equations of asymptotes: .
3(ii)
1. Find the $x$-coordinate of the point of intersection using a graphing calculator.
Using a graphing calculator to solve the equation :
2. Determine the solution to the inequality using the visualised graphs and domain restrictions.
From the graphs sketched in part (i), the curve lies above or on the curve starting from the right of the vertical asymptote up to the point of intersection.
Therefore, the solution is .
Rounding to 3 significant figures, we get:
3(iii)
1. State the solution to part (ii) to use as a foundation.
Since part (iii) depends on (ii), we first evaluate the solution to (ii).
Let and .
Using a graphing calculator, the intersection of and is at .
From the graphs sketched in (i), between the vertical asymptote and the intersection point.
Thus, the solution to (ii) is .
2. Relate the inequality in (iii) to the result of (ii) using substitution.
The inequality is identical to the inequality in (ii), but with replaced by .
Substituting into the solution from (ii) gives:
3. Solve the resulting modulus inequality.
The inequality splits into two regions:
When , we have .
When , we have .
Combining these and substituting , we get:
Rounding to 3 significant figures, the final solution is:
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